Abstract
There has been growing interest in alternative assessment strategies that focus on student participation within higher education over the past 20 years. At the same time, it is important to note that there is very little published research dealing with alternative forms of assessment in the field of physical education teacher education (PETE). In this paper we seek to make a case for democratic assessment practices within a critical pedagogy of PETE. We begin by outlining developments in assessment in higher education in general, before considering student participation in assessment processes. We then consider some strategies of participative assessment, and discuss their benefits, risks and difficulties. An account of the experience of the National Network of Formative and Shared Assessment in Higher Education in Spain provides us with a working example of the implementation of democratic practices in assessment in PETE. We conclude that the lack of research in physical education on democratic assessment practices raises serious questions about the extent to which our field is committed to producing teachers capable of meeting the complex social and cultural challenges they will surely meet in the schools of tomorrow.
|
Adams, C, King, K (1995) Towards a framework for student self-assessment. Innovation in Education and Training International 32(4): 336–343. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Alkaslassy, E (2011) How often do students working in two-person teams report that work was shared equitably? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 36(3): 367–375. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Almond, R (2009) Group assessment: Comparing group and individual undergraduate module marks. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 34(2): 141–148. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Andrade, H, Du, Y (2007) Student responses to criteria-referenced self-assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 32(2): 159–181. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Beackley, A (2000) Adrift without a life belt: Reflective self-assessment in a post-modern age. Teaching in Higher Education 5(4): 405–418. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Black, P, William, D (1998) Assessment and Classroom Learning. Assessment in Education 5(1): 7–71. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bolonia Declaration (1999) Joint declaration of the European Ministers of Education. Available at: http://www.eees.ua.es/documentos/declaracionBolonia.pdf (accessed 18 June 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Boud, D (1989) The role of self-assessment in student grading. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 14(1): 20–30. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Boud, D (1990) Assessment and the promotion of academic values. Studies in Higher Education 15(1): 101–111. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Boud, D (1992) The use of self-assessment schedules in negotiated learning. Studies in Higher Education 17(2): 185–200. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Boud, D (1993) Experience as the base for learning. Higher Education Research and Development 12(1): 33–44. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Boud, D. (2010) Assessment 2020: Seven Propositions for Assessment Reform in Higher Education. Sydney: Australian Learning and Teaching Council. Available at: http://www.olt.gov.au/resource-student-assessment-learning-and-after-courses-uts-2010 Google Scholar | |
|
Boud, D, Falchikov, N (1989) Quantitative studies of student self-assessment in higher education: A critical analysis of findings. Higher Education 18(5): 529–549. Google Scholar | |
|
Boud, D, Falchikov, N (2006) Aligning assessment with long-term learning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 31(4): 399–413. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Boud, D, Cohen, R, Sampson, J (1999) Peer learning and assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 24(4): 413–426. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Boyd, H, Cowan, J (1985) A case for self-assessment based on recent studies of student learning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 10(3): 225–235. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brew, C, Riley, P, Walta, C (2009) Education students and their teachers: Comparing views on participative assessment practices. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 34(6): 641–657. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Brown, S, Glasner, A (2003) Evaluar en la universidad. Problemas y nuevos enfoques. Madrid: Narcea. Google Scholar | |
|
Burgess, H, Baldwin, M, Dalrymple, J. (1999) Developing self-assessment in social work education. Social Work Education 18(2): 133–146. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Buscà, F, Cladellas, L, Calvo, J. (2011) Evaluación formativa y participativa en docencia universitaria. Un estudio sobre los artículos publicados en revistas españolas entre 1999 y 2009. Aula Abierta (2011) 39(2): 137–148. Google Scholar | |
|
Carless, D, Joughin, G, Mok, MC (2006) Learning-oriented assessment: Principles and practice. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 395–398. Google Scholar | |
|
Carless, DR (2002) The ‘mini-viva' as a tool to enhance assessment for learning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 27(4): 353–363. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cassidy, S (2007) Assessing ‘inexperienced' students' ability to self-assess: Exploring links with learning style and academic personal control. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 32(3): 313–330. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Clifford, V (1999) The development of autonomous learners in a university setting. Higher Education Research and Development 18(1): 115–128. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Dart, BC, Clarke, JA (1991) Helping students become better learners: A case study in teacher education. Higher Education 22(3): 317–335. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Davies, P (2003) Closing the communications loop on the computerized peer-assessment of essays. ALT-J: Association for Learning Technology Journal 11(1): 41–54. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Dochy, F, Segers, M, Sluijsmans, D (1999) The use of self, peer and co-assessment in higher education: A review. Studies in Higher Education 24(3): 331–350. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ellsworth, E (1989) Why doesn’t this feel empowering? Working through the repressive myths of critical pedagogy. Harvard Educational Review 59(3): 297–324. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Elwood, J, Klenowski, V (2002) Creating communities of shared practice: The challenges of assessment use in learning and teaching. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 27(3): 243–256. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Evans, AW, McKenna, C, Oliver, M (2005) Trainees' perspectives on the assessment and self-assessment of surgical skills. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 30(2): 163–174. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Falchikov, N (1986) Product comparisons and process benefits of collaborative peer group and self-assessments. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 11(2): 146–166. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Falchikov, N (1988) Self and peer assessment of a group project designed to promote the skills of capability. Programmed Learning and Educational Technology 25(4): 327–339. Google Scholar | |
|
Falchikov, N, Boud, D (1989) Student self-assessment in higher education: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research 59(4): 395–430. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Falchikov, N, Goldfinch, J (2000) Student peer assessment in higher education: A meta-analysis comparing peer and teacher marks. Review of Educational Research 70(3): 287–322. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Fallows, S, Chandramohan, B (2001) Multiple approaches to assessment: Reflections on use of tutor, peer and self-assessment. Teaching in Higher Education 6(2): 229–246. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fitzpatrick, J (2006) An evaluative case study of the dilemmas experienced in designing a self-assessment strategy for community nursing students. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(1): 37–53. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fraile-Aranda, A (2004) Un cambio democrático en las aulas universitarias: Una experiencia en la formación del profesorado de educación física. (A democratic change in the university classrooms: An experience in PETE) Contextos educativos: Revista de Educación 6–7: 213–234. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fraile-Aranda, A (2006) Cambios en el aula universitaria ante los nuevos retos europeos.[Changes in the university classroom to the new European challenges]. Tandem 25: 57–72. Google Scholar | |
|
Freire, P (1998) Pedagogy of Freedom. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar | |
|
Freire, P, Macedo, DP (1995) A dialogue: Culture, language and race. Harvard Educational Review 65(3): 377–402. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gale, K, Martin, K, McQueen, G (2002) Triadic assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 27(6): 557–567. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Giroux, HA (1988) Teachers as Intellectuals: Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Learning. Granby, MA: Bergin & Garvey. Google Scholar | |
|
Handley, K, Cox, B (2007) Beyond model answers: Learners’ perceptions of self-assessment materials in e-learning applications. ALT-J: Association for Learning Technology Journal 15(1): 21–36. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hanrahan, S, Geoff, I (2001) Assessing self- and peer-assessment: The students' views. Higher Education Research and Development 20(1): 53–70. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hargreaves, DJ (1997) Student learning and assessment are inextricably linked. European Journal of Engineering Education 22(4): 401. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hinett, K, Weeden, P (2000) How am I doing? Developing critical self-evaluation in trainee teachers. Quality in Higher Education 6(3): 245–257. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Humphreys, P, Greenan, K, McIlveen, H (1997) Developing work-based transferable skills in a university environment. Journal of European Industrial Training 21(2): 63–69. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ibabe, I, Jauregizar, J (2010) Online self-assessment with feedback and metacognitive knowledge. Higher Education 59(2): 243–258. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ibarra, SMS, Rodríguez, GG, Gómez, RMA (2012) La evaluación entre iguales: Beneficios y estrategias para su práctica en la universidad. Revista de Educación (359). Available at: http://www.revistaeducacion.mec.es/doi/359_092.pdf (accessed at 14th December 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Jarvinen, A, Kohonen, V (1995) Promoting professional development in higher education through portfolio assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 20(1): 25–36. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kennedy, A, Allan, J (2009) The assessor and the assessed: Learning from students' reflections on peer-evaluation. Journal of Teacher Education and Teachers’ Work 1(1): 4–17. Available at: http://www.strath.ac.uk/media/departments/childhoodandprimarystudies/research/4_testJTETW_Final_pdf.pdf. Google Scholar | |
|
Kirby, NF, Downs, CT (2007) Self-assessment and the disadvantaged student: Potential for encouraging self-regulated learning? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 32(4): 475–494. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Knight, P (1995) Assessment for Learning in Higher Education. London: Kogan Page. Google Scholar | |
|
Langan, AM, Shuker, D, Cullen, WR. (2008) Relationships between student characteristics and self-, peer and tutor evaluations of oral presentations. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 33(2): 179–190. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lejk, M, Wyvill, M (2001) The effect of the inclusion of self-assessment with peer assessment of contributions to a group project: A quantitative study of secret and agreed assessments. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 26(6): 551–561. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lew, M, Alwis, WAM, Schmidt, H (2010) Accuracy of students' self-assessment and their beliefs about its utility. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 35(2): 135–156. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lindblom-ylänne, S (2006) Self-, peer- and teacher-assessment of student essays. Active Learning in Higher Education 7(1): 51–62. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Loacker, G, Jensen, P (1988) The power of performance in developing problem solving and self-assessment abilities. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 13(2): 128–150. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
López-Pastor, VM (2006) La evaluación en educación física. Revisión de los modelos tradicionales y planteamiento de una alternativa: La evaluación formativa y compartida. [Review on physical education. Revision of traditional models and planning of an alternative: Formative and shared evaluation.] Buenos Aires: Miño y Dávila. Google Scholar | |
|
López-Pastor, V (2008) Desarrollando sistemas de evaluación formativa y compartida en la docencia universitaria. Análisis de resultados de su puesta en práctica en la formación inicial del profesorado. European Journal of Teacher Education 31(3): 293–311. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
López-Pastor, V (2012) Evaluación formativa y compartida en la universidad: Clarificación de conceptos y propuestas de intervención desde la red interuniversitaria de evaluación formativa. Psychology, Society and Education 4(1): 117–130. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
López-Pastor, V (coord.) (2009) Evaluación formativa y compartida en educación superior. Madrid: Narcea. Google Scholar | |
|
López-Pastor, V M, Barba, J J, Monjas, R (2007) Trece años de Evaluación compartida en Educación Física. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte 26(7): 69–86. Google Scholar | |
|
López-Pastor, V, Castejón, J, Sicilia-Camacho, A. (2011) The process of creating a cross-university network for formative and shared assessment in higher education in Spain and its potential applications. Innovations in Education and Teaching International 48(19): 79–90. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lorente, E, Kirk, D (2013) Alternative democratic assessment in PETE: An action-research study exploring risks, challenges and solutions. Sport, Education and Society 18(1): 77–96. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lublin, J (1980) Student self-assessment- A case study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 5(3): 264–272. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
McLaren, J (1994) La vida en las escuelas: Una introducción a la pedagogía crítica en los fundamentos de la educación. México: Siglo XXI Editores. Google Scholar | |
|
McMahon, T (1999) Using negotiation in summative assessment to encourage critical thinking. Teaching in Higher Education 4(4): 549–554. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Maguire, S, Edmondson, S (2001) Student evaluation and assessment of group projects. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 25(2): 209–217. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Manrique, JA, Vallés, C, Gea, JM (2012) Resultados generales de la puesta en práctica de 29 casos sobre el desarrollo de sistemas de evaluación formativa en docencia universitaria. Psycology, Society and Education 4(1): 87–102. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Miller, P (2003) The effect of scoring criteria specificity on peer and self-assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 28(4): 383–394. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Mok, MC, Lung, CL, Cheng, DPW. (2006) Self-assessment in higher education: Experience in using a metacognitive approach in five case studies. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 31(4): 415–433. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997) Higher Education in the Learning Society. Available at: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/resources/heca/heca_ks23.pdf (accessed 23 November 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Navarro-Adelantado, V, Santos, ML, Buscà, F. (2010) La experiencia de la red universitaria de evaluación formativa y compartida: Proceso y abordaje. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación 52(7): 1–13. Google Scholar | |
|
Oldfield, K, Mark, J, Macalpine, K (1995) Peer and self-assessment at tertiary level – an experiential report. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 20(1): 125–132. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Orsmond, P, Merry, S, Reiling, K (1997) A study in self-assessment: Tutor and students' perceptions of performance criteria. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 22(4): 357–368. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Orsmond, P, Merry, S, Reiling, K (2000) The use of student derived marking criteria in peer and self-assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 25(1): 23–38. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Pain, R, Mowl, G (1996) Improving geography essay writing using innovative assessment. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 20(1): 19–31. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pekic-Quarrie, s (2007) Student Peer Review as a Tool for Efficiently Achieving Subject-Specific and Generic Learning Outcomes: Examples in Botany at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Higher Education in Europe 32(2-3): 203–212. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Penny, A, Grover, C (1996) An analysis of student grade expectations and marker consistency. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 21(2): 173–184. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Pérez-Pueyo, A, Tabernero, B, López, VM. (2008) Evaluación formativa y compartida en la docencia universitaria y el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior: Cuestiones clave para su puesta en práctica. Revista de Educación 347: 435–451. Google Scholar | |
|
Pope, NKL (2005) The impact of stress in self- and peer assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 30(1): 51–63. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Prins, FJ, Sluijmans, MA, Kirschener, PA. (2005) Formative peer assessment in a CSCL environment: A case study. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 30(4) 417–444. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Pekic-Quarrie, S (2007) Student peer review as a tool for efficiently achieving subject-specific and generic learning outcomes: Examples in botany at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade. Higher Education in Europe 32 (2–3): 203–212. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rodríguez-Gómez, G, Ibarra, M, Gallego-Noche, B. (2012) La voz del estudiante en la evaluación del aprendizaje: Un camino por recorrer en la universidad. Relieve 18, n. 2, art. 2. DOI: 10.7203/relieve.18.2.1985. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sadler, DR (2010) Beyond feedback: Developing student capability in complex appraisal. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 35(5): 535–550. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Santos-Guerra, JA (1995) La evaluación: Un proceso de diálogo, comprensión y mejora. Madrid: Aljibe. Google Scholar | |
|
Schelfhout, W, Dochy, F, Janssens, S (2004) The use of self, peer and teacher assessment as a feedback system in a learning environment aimed at fostering skills of cooperation in an entrepreneurial context. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 29(2): 177–201. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Shor, I (1980) Critical Teaching and Everyday Life. Boston: South End Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Sluijsmans, D, Brand-Gruwel, S, Van Merriënboer, J (2002) Peer assessment training in teacher education. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 27(5): 443–454. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sluijsmans, D, Dochy, F, Moerkerke, G (1998) Creating a learning environment by using self-, peer- and co-assessment. Learning Environments Research 1(3): 293–319. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Smyth, K (2004) The benefits of students learning about critical evaluation rather than being summatively judged. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 29(3): 370–378. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Somervell, H (1993) Issues in assessment, enterprise and higher education: The case for self-peer and collaborative assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 18(3): 221–233. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sorbonne Joint Declaration (1998) Joint declaration on harmonisation of the architecture of the European Higher Education System. Available at: http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/Docs/00-Main_doc/980525SORBONNE_DECLARATION.PDF (accessed 18 June 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Standars and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area. European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education , 2009, Helsinki, 3rd edition. Available at: http://www.enqa.eu/files/ESG_3edition%20(2).pdf (accessed 18th June 2012) Google Scholar | |
|
Stefani, L (1994) Peer, self and tutor assessment: Relative reliabilities. Studies in Higher Education 19(1): 69–75. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Stefani, L (1998) Assessment in partnership with learners. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 23(4): 339–350. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sullivan, K, Hall, C (1997) Introducing students to self-assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 22(3): 289–305. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Tan, K (2004) Does student self-assessment empower or discipline students? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 29(6): 651–662. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Tan, K (2008) Qualitatively different ways of experiencing student self-assessment. Higher Education Research and Development 27(1): 15–29. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Tan, K (2009) Meanings and practices of power in academics' conceptions of student self-assessment. Teaching in Higher Education 14(4): 361–373. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Taras, M (2001) The use of tutor feedback and student self-assessment in summative assessment tasks: Towards transparency for students and for tutors. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 26(6): 605–614. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Taras, M (2002) Using assessment for learning and learning from assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 27(6): 501–510. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Taras, M (2003) To feedback or not to feedback in student self-assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 28(5): 549–565. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Taras, M (2007) Assessment for learning: Understanding theory to improve practice. Journal of Further & Higher Education 31(4): 363–371. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Taras, M (2008) Assessment for learning: Sectarian divisions of terminology and concepts. Journal of Further & Higher Education 32(4): 389–397. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Taras, M (2008a) Issues of power and equity in two models of self-assessment. Teaching in Higher Education 13(1): 81–92. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Taras, M (2009) Summative assessment: The missing link for formative assessment. Journal of Further & Higher Education 33(1): 57–69. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Taras, M (2010) Student self-assessment: Processes and consequences. Teaching in Higher Education 15(2) 199–209. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Thompson, G, Pilgrim, A, Oliver, K (2005) Self-assessment and reflective learning for first-year university geography students: A simple guide or simply misguided? Journal of Geography in Higher Education 29(3): 403–420. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Walker, M, Warhurst, C (2000) ‘In most classes you sit around very quietly at a table and get lectured at…': Debates, assessment and student learning. Teaching in Higher Education 5(1): 33–49. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Walser, T (2009) An action research study of student self-assessment in higher education. Innovative Higher Education 34(5): 299–306. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Williams, E (1992) Student attitudes toward approaches to learning and assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 17(1): 45–58. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Woods, D, Marshall, R, Hrymak, A (1988) Self assessment in the context of the McMaster problem solving programme. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 13(2): 107–127. Google Scholar | Crossref |

