Abstract
The purpose of the study was to implement a Sport Education season designed to be mastery-involving and examine the degree of congruence between the objective measure of the presented climate with the students’ perceptions of the saliency of this motivational climate. Twenty-one male high school students (mean age of 15.9 years) and one expert teacher participated in 12 lessons, each of 90 minutes’ duration, of team handball taught using Sport Education. During each phase of the Sport Education season the TARGET motivational climate variables were coded by analyzing the lesson videotapes. Following each phase, students completed the “perceptions of teacher’s emphasis on goals” questionnaire. Results showed a consistent student perception of a mastery climate across all phases of the season. The teacher was able to manipulate the predominantly performance-based task structure of practice style tasks and formal competition within the model to foster a mastery climate with an emphasis on mastery-based recognition and evaluation structures. The latter finding has important instructional implications for facilitating student motivation within the teaching of competitive sports in secondary physical education.
|
Alexander, K, Luckman, J (2001) Australian teachers’ perceptions and uses of the sport education curriculum model. European Physical Education Review 7: 243–267. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Ames, C (1992) Achievement goals and the classroom climate. In: Roberts, GC (ed.) Motivation in Sport and Exercise. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp.161–176. Google Scholar | |
|
Carpenter, PJ, Morgan, K (1999) Motivational climate, personal goal perspectives, and cognitive and affective responses in physical education classes. European Journal of Physical Education 4: 31–41. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Christodoulis, T, Papaioannou, A, Digelidis, N (2001) A year-long intervention to change motivational climate and attitudes towards exercise in Greek senior high school. European Journal of Sports Science 1: 228–241. Google Scholar | |
|
Cohen, J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Crocker, P, Hoar, S, McDonough, M (2004) Emotional experience in youth sport. In: Weiss, M (ed.) Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan Perspective. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, pp.197–222. Google Scholar | |
|
Elliot, AJ, McGregor, HA (2001) A 2×2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80: 501–519. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Escarti, A, Gutierrez, M (2001) Influence of the motivational climate of physical education classes on the intention to practice physical activity and sport. European Journal of Sports Science 1: 1–12. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Gable, SL (2006) Approach and avoidance social motives and goals. Journal of Personality 74: 175–222. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Garn, A, Sun, H (2009) Approach–avoidance motivational profiles in early adolescents to the PACER fitness test. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 28: 400–421. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA (1998) Skill and tactical development during a sport education season. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 69: 368–379. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA (2000) An ecological analysis of a Sport Education season. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 19: 355–373. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Sinelnikov, O (2006) Russian students' participation and perceptions of a season of sport education. European Physical Education Review 12(2): 131–150. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Martínez, D, Calderón, A (2011) A review of research on Sport Education: 2004 to the present. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 16: 103–132. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ka, LC, Cruz, A (2006) The effect of sport education on secondary six students' learning interest and collaboration in football lessons. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation (HK) 12(2): 13–22. Google Scholar | |
|
Kim, J, Penney, D, Cho, M (2006) ‘Not business as usual’: Sport education pedagogy in practice. European Physical Education Review 12: 361–379. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Kinchin, GD (2006) Sport education: A review of the research. In: Kirk, D, O’Sullivan, M, Macdonald, D (eds) Handbook of Research in Physical Education. London, UK: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Maxwell, SE, Delaney, HD (2000) Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Google Scholar | |
|
Morgan, K, Kingston, K, Sproule, J (2005) Effects of different teaching styles on the teacher behaviours that influence motivational climate and pupils’ motivation in physical education. European Physical Education Review 11: 257–285. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Morgan, K, Sproule, J, Weigand, D (2005) A computer-based observational assessment of the teaching behaviours that influence motivational climate in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10: 83–105. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Papaioannou, AG, Tsigilis, N, Kosmidou, E (2007) Measuring perceived motivational climate in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 26: 236–259. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Perlman, DJ (2010) Change in affect and needs satisfaction for amotivated students within the sport education model. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 29: 433–445. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Perlman, D (2011) Examination of self-determination within the Sport Education model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education 2: 79–92. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Perlman, D (2012) An examination of amotivated students within the Sport Education model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education 3: 141–155. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Perlman, D, Goc Karp, G (2010) A self-determined perspective of the Sport Education Model. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 15: 401–418. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pope, C, Grant, BC (1996) Student experiences in sport education, Waikato Journal of Education 2: 103–118. Google Scholar | |
|
Shah, J (2003) A motivational looking glass: How significant others implicitly affect goal appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85: 424–439. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Sharpe, TL, Koperwas, J (1999) Software assist for education and social science settings: Behavior evaluation strategies and taxonomies (BEST) and accompanying qualitative applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage–Scolari. Google Scholar | |
|
Shehu, J (1998) Sport education: Ideology, evidence and implications for physical education in Africa. Sport, Education and Society 3: 227–235. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Siedentop, D (1994) Sport Education: Quality PE through Positive Sport Experiences Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Siedentop, D, Hastie, PA, van der Mars, H (2011) Complete Guide to Sport Education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Sinelnikov, OA (2009) Sport education for teachers: Professional development when introducing a novel curriculum model. European Physical Education Review 15: 91–114. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Sinelnikov, OA, Hastie, PA (2010) A motivational analysis of a season of Sport Education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 15: 55–69. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Spittle, M, Byrne, K (2009) The influence of sport education on student motivation in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 14: 253–266. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Strikwerda-Brown, J, Taggart, A (2001) No longer voiceless and exhausted: Sport education and the primary generalist. ACHPER Healthy Lifestyles Journal 48(4): 14–17. Google Scholar | |
|
van der Mars, H (1989) Observer reliability: Issues and procedures. In: Darst, PW, Zakrajsek, DB, Mancini, VH (Eds) Analyzing Physical Education and Sport Instruction. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp.53–80. Google Scholar | |
|
Wallhead, T (2012) Explaining the attraction: Understanding the motivational responses of students to Sport Education. In: Hastie, P (ed.) Sport Education: International Perspectives. London, UK: Routledge, pp.133–148. Google Scholar | |
|
Wallhead, TL, Ntoumanis, N (2004) Effects of a sport education intervention on students’ motivational responses in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 2: 4–18. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Wallhead, T, O’Sullivan, M (2005). Sport education: Physical education for the new millennium? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10: 181–210. Google Scholar | Crossref |

