![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine a hybrid combination of sport education and the step-game-approach (SGA) on students’ gameplay performance in volleyball, taking into account their sex and skill-level. Seventeen seventh-grade students (seven girls, 10 boys, average age 11.8) participated in a 25-lesson volleyball season, in which the structural features followed those of sport education and the specific content followed the didactical framework of the SGA. Data were collected prior to the first lesson (pre-test), following the completion of the unit (post-test) and seven days after the post-test (retention). The game performance assessment instrument was used in a systematic observation of video records of students’ behaviours while playing a 10-minute 2vs2 game. A 2 (sex) × 3 (time) and a 2 (skill-level) × 3 (time) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures across the three tests was used to compare the students’ performances on all indexes. Results showed that both boys and girls made improvements from the pre-test to the post-test and maintained those improvements to the retention test in almost all the indexes analysed. Further, the results also showed that lower skill-level students realized greater gains than those of higher skill during the unit, which reinforces the idea that future implementations of this hybrid approach should adjust content and learning task to different skill-levels.
Keywords GPAI, learning outcomes, physical education, sex, skill-level
References
Section:
|
Alexander, K, Taggart, A, Thorpe, S (1996) A spring in their steps? Possibilities for professional renewal through sport education in Australian schools. Sport, Education and Society 1(1): 23–46. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Araújo, R, Mesquita, I, Hastie, PA (2014) Review of the status of learning in research on sport education: Future research and practice. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 13(4): 846–858. Google Scholar | Medline | ISI | |
|
Atkinson, G, Nevill, A (1998) Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sport Medicine 26(4): 217–238. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Baumgartner, TA, Jackson, AS (1995) Measurement for Evaluation in Physical Education and Exercise Science. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark. Google Scholar | |
|
Brock, S, Rovegno, I, Oliver, K (2009) The influence of student status on student interactions and experiences during a sport education unit. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 14(4): 355–375. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brunton, J (2003) Changing hierarchies of power in physical education using sport education. European Physical Education Review 9(3): 267–284. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Carlson, T, Hastie, PA (1997) The student social system within sport education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 16(2): 176–195. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Haerens, L, Tallir, I (2012) Experimental research methods in physical education and sports. In: Armour, K, Macdonald, D (eds) Research Methods in Physical Education and Youth Sport. London: Routledge, pp.149–162. Google Scholar | |
|
Harvey, S, Jarret, K (2014) A review of the game-centred approaches to teaching and coaching literature since 2006. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 19(1): 278–300. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA (1998a) The participation and perceptions of girls within a unit of sport education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 17(2): 157–171. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA (1998b) Skill and tactical development during a sport education season. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 69(4): 368–379. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Casey, A (2014) Fidelity in models-based practice research in sport pedagogy: A guide for future investigations. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 33(3): 422–431. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Curtner-Smith, MD (2006) Influence of a hybrid sport education–teaching games for understanding unit on one teacher and his students. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 11(1): 1–27. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hastie, PA, Calderón, A, Rolim, R. (2013) The development of skill and knowledge during a sport education season of track and field athletics. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 84(3): 336–344. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Martinez de Ojeda, D, Calderón, A (2011) A review of research on sport education: 2004 to the present. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 16(2): 103–132. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Sinelnikov, O, Guarino, AJ (2009) The development of skill and tactical competencies during a season of badminton. European Journal of Sport Science 9(3): 133–140. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Magill, RA (2011) Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar | |
|
Memmert, D, Harvey, S (2008) The game performance assessment instrument (GPAI): Some concerns and solutions for further development. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 27(2): 220–240. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Mesquita, I, Farias, C, Hastie, PA (2012) The impact of a hybrid sport education–invasion games competence model soccer unit on students’ decision making, skill execution and overall game performance. European Physical Education Review 18(2): 205–219. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Mesquita, I, Graça, A, Gomes, AR. (2005) Examining the impact of a step game approach to teaching volleyball on student tactical decision making and skill execution during game play. Journal of Human Movement Studies 48: 469–492. Google Scholar | |
|
Metzler, MW (2011) Instructional Models for Physical Education. Scottsdale, Arizona: Holcomb Hathaway, Publishers, Inc. Google Scholar | |
|
Mitchell, S, Oslin, J, Griffin, I (2006) Teaching Sport Concepts and Skills: A Tactical Games Approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Oslin, J, Mitchell, S, Griffin, L (1998) The game performance assessment instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 17(2): 231–243. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pereira, F, Graça, A, Blomqvist, M. (2011) Instructional approaches in youth volleyball training settings according to player’s age and gender. International Journal of Sport Psychology 42(3): 227–244. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Pereira, J, Hastie, P, Araújo, R. (2015) A comparative study of students’ track and field technical performance in sport education and in a direct instruction approach. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 14(1): 118–127. Google Scholar | Medline | ISI | |
|
Pritchard, T, Hawkins, A, Wiegand, R. (2008) Effects of two instructional approaches on skill development, knowledge, and game performance. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 12(4): 219–236. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Pritchard, T, McCollum, S, Sundal, J. (2014) Effect of the sport education tactical model on coeducational and single gender game performance. The Physical Educator 71(1): 132–154. Google Scholar | |
|
Siedentop, D (1994) Sport Education: Quality PE through Positive Sport Experiences. Champaingn, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Siedentop, D, Hastie, P, V der Mars, H (2011) Complete Guide To Sport Education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Tabachnick, BG, Fidell, LS (2007) Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, R, Bunker, D, Almond, L (1984) A change in focus for the teaching of games. In: Pierón, M, Graham, C (eds) Sport Pedagogy: Olympic Scientific Congress. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp.163–169. Google Scholar | |
|
van der Mars, H (1989) Observer reliability: Issues and procedures. In: Darst, P, Zakrajsek, D, Mancini, V (eds) Analysing Physical Education and Sport Education. Champaign: Human Kinectics, pp.53–79. Google Scholar | |
|
Vygotsky, L (1978) Mind in Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Wallhead, T, O’Sullivan, M (2005) Sport education: Physical education for the new millennium? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10(2): 181–210. Google Scholar | Crossref |
