Abstract
A small body of previous research suggests that teachers who purposefully negotiated the physical education curriculum empowered their pupils and enhanced the quality of their experience. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of one purposefully negotiated season of sport education (SE) on one teacher and his 18 male eighth grade pupils. Data were collected by employing seven qualitative techniques. These included extensive non-participant observation and formal interviews with the teacher and pupils. Data were coded, categorized, and reduced to themes using standard interpretive techniques. The purposefully negotiated SE season was largely successful and the indications were that SE provided an excellent framework on which to build such a unit. Unlike more direct models of instruction in which teachers make most of the decisions, there was no contest, in the form of negative negotiation, between the teacher and his pupils. Rather, most negotiations were positive and involved discussions among and between pupils. Key pedagogies employed by the teacher were the indirect teaching styles of guided discovery and divergent production, and the ability to avoid interfering with the pupils as they designed and implemented their SE season.
|
Azarrito, L, Ennis, C (2003) A sense of connection: Toward social constructivist physical education. Sport Education and Society 8(2): 179–198. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Boomer, G, Lester, N, Onore, C. (1992) Negotiating the Curriculum: Educating for the 21st Century. London: Falmer Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Brock, SJ, Rovegno, I, Oliver, KL (2009) The influence of student status on student interactions and experiences during a sport education unit. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 14(4): 355–375. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brooker, R, MacDonald, D (2010) Did we hear you? Issues of student voice in curriculum innovation. Journal of Curriculum Studies 31(2): 83–97. Google Scholar | |
|
Burbules, NC (1986) A theory of power in education. Educational Theory 36(2): 95–114. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cook-Sather, A (2002) Authorizing students’ perspectives: Toward trust, dialogue, and change in education. Educational Researcher 3(4): 3–14. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Cook-Sather, A (2006) ‘Change based on what students say’: Preparing teachers for a paradoxical model of leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education 9(4): 345–358. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cook-Sather, A (2009) Learning from the Student’s Perspective: A Sourcebook for Effective Teaching. Boulder, CO: Paradigm. Google Scholar | |
|
Cook-Sather, A, Alter, Z (2011) What is and what can be: How a liminal position can change learning and teaching in higher education. Anthropology & Education Quarterly 42(1): 37–53. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Curtner-Smith, MD, Hastie, PA, Kinchin, GD (2008) Influence of occupational socialization on beginning teachers’ interpretation and delivery of sport education. Sport Education and Society 13(1): 97–113. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Doyle, W (1979) The complex classrooms: A research focus. Theory into Practice 18(3): 138–144. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Doyle, W (1992) Curriculum and pedagogy. In: Philips, PW (ed.) Handbook of Research on Curriculum. New York: Macmillan, pp.486–516. Google Scholar | |
|
Doyle, W, Carter, K (1984) Academic tasks in classrooms. Curriculum Inquiry 14(2): 129–149. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ennis, CD (1995) Teachers’ responses to noncompliant students: The realities and consequences of a negotiated curriculum. Teaching and Teacher Education 11(5): 445–460. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ennis, CD (1996) When avoiding confrontation leads to avoiding content: Disruptive students’ impact on curriculum. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision 11(2): 145–162. Google Scholar | |
|
Enright, E, O’Sullivan, M (2010) ‘Can I do it in my pyjamas?’ Negotiating a physical education curriculum with teenage girls. European Physical Education Review 16(3): 203–222. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Enright, E, O’Sullivan, M (2011) ‘Producing different knowledge and producing knowledge differently’: Rethinking physical education research and practice through participatory visual methods. Sport, Education and Society 17: 2–19. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Enright, E, O’Sullivan, M (2013) ‘Now, I’m magazine detective the whole time.’ Listening and responding to young people’s complex experiences of popular physical culture. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 32: 394–418. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Erickson, F, Schultz, J (1992) Students’ experience of the curriculum. In: Jackson, P (ed.) Handbook of Research on Curriculum. New York: Macmillan, pp.465–485. Google Scholar | |
|
Fisette, J (2010a) Getting to know your students: The importance of learning students’ thoughts and feelings in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 81(7): 42–49. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fisette, J (2010b) Power of voice and action: Girls’ experience with exploratory projects. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 81(1): 49. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Flutter, J, Ruddock, J (2004) Consulting Pupils: What’s in it for Schools? London: Routledge Falmer. Google Scholar | |
|
Glasby, T, MacDonald, D (2004) Negotiating the curriculum: Challenging the social relationships in teaching. In: Wright, J (ed.) Critical Inquiry and Problem-Solving in Physical education. London: Routledge, pp.132–144. Google Scholar | |
|
Goetz, JP, LeCompte, MD (1984) Ethnography and Qualitative Design in Education Research. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc. Google Scholar | |
|
Hastie, PA (1996) Student role involvement during a unit of sport education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 16: 88–103. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Pickwell, A (1996) A description of a student social system in a secondary school dance class. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 15: 171–187. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hastie, PA, Siedentop, D (1999) An ecological perspective on physical education. European Physical Education Review 5(1): 9–29. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Mosston, M, Ashworth, S (2008) Teaching Physical Education (1st online ed.). Available at: www.spectrumofteachingstyles.org/ebook (accessed 10 February 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Mowling, CM, Brock, SJ, Hastie, PA (2006) Fourth grade students’ drawing interpretations of a sport education soccer unit. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 25(1): 9–35. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
O’Donovan, TM, Kirk, D (2007) Managing classroom entry: An ecological analysis of ritual and interaction and negotiation in the changing room. Sport, Education and Society 12(4): 399–413. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Oliver, KL, Oesterreich, HA (2013) Student-centered inquiry as curriculum as a model for field-based teacher education. Journal of Curriculum Studies 45(3): 394–417. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Oliver, KL, Hamzeh, M, McCaughtry, N (2009) Girly girls can play games/Las niñas pueden jugar tambien: Co-creating a curriculum of possibilities with fifth-grade girls. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 28(1): 90–110. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Siedentop, D, Hastie, PA, Van Der Mars, H (2011) Complete Guide to Sport Education (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Sinelnikov, O, Hastie, P (2008) Teaching sport education to Russian students: An ecological analysis. European Physical Education Review 14(2): 203–222. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Supaporn, S, Dodds, P, Griffin, L (2003) An ecological analysis on middle school misbehavior through student and teacher perspectives. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 22(3): 328–349. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Tousignant, M, Siedentop, D (1983) A qualitative analysis of task structures in required secondary physical education classes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 3(1): 47–57. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Tsangaridou, N, O’Sullivan, M (2003) Physical education teachers’ theories of action and theories in use. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 22(2): 132–152. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Wahl-Alexander, Z, Curtner-Smith, MD (2014) Effect of negotiations on instruction during a movement concepts unit. Paper presented at the National AAHPERD convention, 1–5 April 20. St. Louis, MO. Google Scholar | |
|
Wahl-Alexander, Z, Curtner-Smith, MD (2015) Influence of negotiations between preservice teachers and pupils on instruction within multi-activity and sport education units. Sport, Education and Society 20(7): 838–854. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Woods, P (1978) Negotiating the demands of school work. Journal of Curriculum Studies 10(4): 309–327. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |

