Distressing encounters in the context of climate change: Idioms of distress, determinants, and responses to distress in Tuvalu
Abstract
Across the globe there is a critical need for culturally informed and locally valid approaches to mental health assessment and intervention, particularly among disadvantaged and marginalized populations. To be optimally effective, such approaches must be informed by a sound understanding of locally relevant idioms of distress and its determinants, including those caused or exacerbated by global power disparities and structural inequities. Climate change, arising due to anthropogenic sources located predominantly in industrialized nations, is one potential determinant of distress having disproportionate adverse impacts on already marginalized populations. The present study formed part of a broader project examining the intersections of culture, climate change, and distress in the Polynesian nation of Tuvalu – a focal point of global concern over the human costs of climate change. The study explored determinants and idioms of distress and culturally prescribed responses to coping with distress. Results are based on fieldwork conducted in 2015 entailing semi-structured interviews with 16 key informants and 23 lay residents of Funafuti atoll, recruited using maximal variation purposive sampling. Findings are examined in consideration of the unfolding impacts of climate change and the threat it portends for the future, both of which were identified as salient determinants of distress, in keeping with theorized relationships between climate change and mental health. The study underscores the necessity of attending to the relationships between global forces, local cultures, and individual experiences of distress, as efforts to provide access to culturally informed social and mental health services expand globally.
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Biographies
Kari Gibson PhD is a registered Australian psychologist and a research fellow at Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health. Her PhD research investigated the relationship between climate change and individual mental health in Tuvalu. Her broader research interests concern post-disaster mental health and the cultural adaptation and evaluation of trauma-focused psychological and psychosocial interventions.
Nick Haslam PhD is professor of psychology in the School of Psychological Sciences at the University of Melbourne, where he is also Co-Director of the interdisciplinary Mental Health PhD Program. He studies psychiatric classification, stigma, and changing concepts of mental health, and has published extensively on these topics.
Ida Kaplan PhD is an honorary research fellow in the School of Psychological Sciences at the University of Melbourne, and senior manager of client services at the Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture. She has a longstanding policy, practice and research interest in the intersection of mental health, social justice and human rights issues. She has studied integrated approaches to understanding torture and other traumatic events and has conducted research assessing the well-being of refugee children and young people.
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