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First published August 2005

Blindness and Visual Culture: An Eyewitness Account

Abstract

This essay comments on W.J.T. Mitchell’s statement that ‘Visual culture entails a meditation on blindness, the invisible, the unseen, the unseeable, and the overlooked’. If visual studies entails a meditation on blindness, it is this article’s hope that it will avoid some of the missteps of similar meditations of the past. Specifically, it hopes that visual studies can abandon one of the stock characters of the western philosophical tradition: the ‘Hypothetical Blind Man’, who serves as a prop for theories about consciousness. This figure is considered briefly in the theories of Descartes, Locke and Diderot, then it is compared with first-hand accounts of blindness from the autobiographies of blind people written in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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References

Danto, Arthur (1999) ‘Blindness and Sight’, The New Republic 220(16): 34-36 .
Diderot, Denis (1999[1749]) ‘Letter on the Blind for the Use of Those Who See’, in Thoughts on the Interpretation of Nature and Other Philosophical Works, ed. David Adams, pp. 149-200. Manchester: Clinaman Press .
Gitter, Elisabeth (2001) The Imprisoned Guest: Samuel Howe and Laura Bridgman, the Original Deaf-Blind Girl. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
Gray, Jim (2001) Interview with Ray Charles, The Today Show, NBC Television, 4 October.
Husson, Thérèse-Adèle (2001[1825]) ‘Reflections on the Moral and Physical Condition of the Blind’, in Reflections: The Life and Writing of a Young Blind Woman in Post-Revolutionary France, eds Catherine J. Kudlick and Zina Weygand, pp. 15-66. New York and London: New York University Press .
Keller, Helen (2003[1908]) The World I Live In (ed. Roger Shattuck ). New York: New York Review of Books .
Kendrick, Deborah (1987) ‘20/20 with a Twist’, in Marsha Saxton and Florence Howe (eds) With Wings: An Anthology of Literature by and About Women with Disabilities, pp. 139-142. New York: Feminist Press, City University of New York .
Kleege, Georgina (1999) Sight Unseen. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press .
Magee, Bryan and Milligan, Martin (1995) On Blindness. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press .
Mitchell, W.J.T. (2002) ‘Showing Seeing: A Critique of Visual Culture’, Journal of Visual Culture 1(2): 165-181 .
Molyneux, William (1912[1693]) ‘Letter to John Locke’, in John Locke, Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Books II and IV (with omissions), ed. Mary Whiton Calkins, pp. 67-69. Chicago: Open Court .

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Article first published: August 2005
Issue published: August 2005

Keywords

  1. blind autobiography
  2. blindness
  3. Denis Diderot
  4. disability studies
  5. Helen Keller
  6. philosophy of perception
  7. visual culture

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