Abstract
Internationalization is a multifaceted concept, with many different interpretations, emphases and purposes. Its amorphous nature is captured in this comparative case study of the internationalization of two contrasting universities: one in the UK, the other in Hong Kong. The cases represent two distinct models of internationalization: the `internationalist' and the `translocalist'. A hypothetical third model, the globalist, is also suggested. The three models of internationalization capture different realities reflecting the importance of international, national and institutional contexts, as well as available opportunities and parameters of choice in decisions relating to internationalization.
|
Altbach, P.G. . (2004) `Globalization and the university: myths and realities in an unequal world'. Tertiary Education and Management 10(1): 3-25. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ary, D. .,Jacobs, L.C. AND Razavieh, A. (1972) Introduction to Research in Education, 5th edn. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Google Scholar | |
|
Bartell, M. . (2003) `Internationalization of universities: a university culture-based framework'. Higher Education 45(1): 43-70. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bunnell, T. . (2006) `The growing momentum and legitimacy behind an alliance for international education'. Journal of Research in International Education 5(2): 155-76. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Callan, H. . (2000) `Higher education internationalization strategies: of marginal significance or all-pervasive?'. Higher Education in Europe 25(1): 15-24. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cambridge, J.C. AND Thompson, J.J. . (2004) `Internationalism and globalization as contexts for international education'. Compare 34(2): 161-75. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cambridge, J.C. A N Dthompson, J.J. . (2001) `Internationalism, international -mindedness, multiculturalism and globalization as concepts defining international schools' . Unpublished paper. Google Scholar | |
|
Chan , W .W .Y. (2006) `The internationalizing of universities: a comparative case study of a British University and a Hong Kong University'. EdD thesis, University of Leicester, UK. Google Scholar | |
|
Cuthbert, R. . (2002) `The impact of national developments on institutional practice,' in S. Ketteridge , S. Marshall and H. Fry (eds) The Effective Academic:A Handbook for Enhanced Academic Practice, pp. 32-48. London: Kogan Page . Google Scholar | |
|
Davies, J. (1995) `University Strategies for Internationalization in Different Institutional and Cultural Settings: A Conceptual Framework,' in Policy and Policy Implementation in Internationalization of Higher Education , EAIE Occasional Paper, No. 8. Amsterdam: European Association for International Education (EAIE), 3-18. Google Scholar | |
|
Dewit , H. . (2002) Internationalization of Higher Education in the United States of America and Europe: A Historical, Comparative, and Conceptual Analysis. London: Greenwood Press . Google Scholar | |
|
Denscombe, M. . (1998) The Good Research Guide for Small-Scale Social Research Projects. Buckingham: Open University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Dimmock,C. . (2002) `Cross-cultural differences in interpreting and doing research,' in M. Coleman and A.R.J. Briggs (eds) Research Methods in Educational Leadership and Management, pp. 28-43. London : Paul Chapman. Google Scholar | |
|
Easterby-Smith ,M. ,Thorpe, R. AND Lowe, A. . (1994) `The philosophy of research design,' in N. Bennett , R. Glatter and R. Levacic (eds) Improving Educational Management through Research and Consultancy . pp. 344-52. London: Paul Chapman. Google Scholar | |
|
Falk, R. . (1993) `The making of global citizenship,' in J. Brecher , J.B. Childs , and J. Cutler (eds) GlobalVisions: Beyond the NewWorld Order, pp 39-50. New York: Black Rose Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Gall, M.D. .,Borg,W.R. . AND Gall, J.P. ( 1996) Educational Research: An Introduction, 6th edn. New York: Longman. Google Scholar | |
|
Gillespie, S.H. (2002) `The practice of international education in the context of globalization: a critique'. Journal of Studies in International Education 6(3): 262-7. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Hayden, M.C. , Rancic, B.A. AND Thompson, J.J. (2000) `Being international: student and teacher perception from international schools'. Oxford Review of Education 26(1): 107-23. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hayden, M.C. , Thompson, J.J. AND Williams, G. . (2003) `Student perceptions of international education: a comparison by course of study undertaken'. Journal of Research in International Education 2(2): 205-32. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Hayden , M.C. . AN Dthompson, J.J. . (1998) `International education, perceptions of teachers in international schools'. International Review of Education 44(5/6): 549-68. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hayden, M.C. AN Dthompson, J.J. . (1997) `Student perspectives on international education: a European dimension'. Oxford Review of Education 23(4): 459-78. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hayden, M.C. A N Dthompson, J . J . (1995) `Perceptions of international education: a preliminary study.' International Review of Education 41(5): 389-404. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Knight, J. . (2005) `Borderless, offshore, transnational and cross-border education: definition and data dilemmas'. London: The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education Report, October. Available at: http://www.obhe.ac.uk (accessed 13 November 2005). Google Scholar | |
|
Knight, J. . (2004) `Internationalization remodelled: definition, approaches, and rationales'. Journal of Studies in International Education 8(1): 5-31. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Knight, J. . (1997a) `A shared vision? stakeholders' perspectives on the internationalization of higher education in Canada'. Journal of Studies in International Education 1(1): 27-44. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Knight, J. . (1997b) `Internationalization of higher education: a conceptual framework', in J. Knight and H. de Wit (eds) Internationalization of Higher Education in Asia Pacific Countries, pp. 5-20. Amsterdam : European Association for International Education (EAIE). Google Scholar | |
|
Knight, J. .A N D Dewit, H. . (1995) `Strategies for internationalization of higher education: historical and conceptual perspectives', in Hans de Wit (ed.) Strategies for Internationalization of Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Australia, Canada, Europe and the United States of America, pp. 5-32. Amsterdam: European Association for International Education (EAIE). Google Scholar | |
|
Mercer, J. . (2007) `The challenges of insider research in educational institutions: wielding a double-edged sword and resolving delicate dilemmas' . Oxford Review of Education 33(1): 1-17. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Middlehurst, R. AND Woodfield, S. . (2007) Research project report 05/06: Responding to the Internationalization Agenda: Implications for Institutional Strategy. London: The Higher Education Academy. Google Scholar | |
|
Middlehurst,R. . (2002) `The international context for UK higher education' , in S. Ketteridge , S. Marshall and H. Fry (eds) The Effective Academic: A Handbook for Enhanced Academic Practice. pp. 13-31. London: Kogan Page. Google Scholar | |
|
Mthembu, T. , Soni,P. AND Naidoo, P. . (2001) `Economic austerity in the South' Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Society for Research into Higher Education, Educational Policy Unit, University of Western Cape, Cape Town. Google Scholar | |
|
N O D D I N G S , N. . (2005) `Global citizenship: promises and problems', in N. Noddings (ed.) Educating Citizens for Global Awareness, pp. 1-21. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Google Scholar | |
|
O E C D (1999) The Response of Higher Education Institutions to Regional Needs. Paris: Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Google Scholar | |
|
Pearce,R. . (2003) `Cultural values for international schools'. International Schools Journal XXII(2): 59-65. Google Scholar | |
|
Pennycook,A. . (1998) English and the Discourses of Colonialism. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Scott, P. . (1998) `Massification, internationalization and globalization ,' in P. Scott (ed.) The Globalization of Higher Education. pp. 108-29. Buckingham: Open University Press and Society for Research into Higher Education . Google Scholar | |
|
Scott, D. AND Usher, R . (eds) (1996) Understanding Educational Research. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Shah, S. . (2004) `The researcher/interviewer in intercultural context: a social intruder'. British Educational Research Journal 30(4): 449-575. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sklair,L. . (2001) The Transnational Capitalist Class. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Google Scholar | |
|
Stephens, L. . (2007) `Where novices can be "stripped of all their clothing" - Ontario company was cautious, but determined, in its search for a Chinese manufacturing partner.' The Globe and Mail, 28 June 2007. Google Scholar | |
|
Strauss,A. .AND Corbin,J. . (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd edn. London: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Wächter,B. . (2003) `An introduction: internationalization at home in context'. Journal of Studies in International Education 7(1): 5-11. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
W I L E Y , D. . (2001) `Forty years of the title VI and Fulbright-Hays international education programs: building the nation's international expertise for a global future', in P. O'Meara , H.D. Mehlinger , and R.M. Newman (eds) Changing Perspectives on International Education , pp. 11-29. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. Google Scholar |

