![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
An ethnographic study on a Japanese language tutoring programme for foreign children was conducted from 2003 to 2006. The investigation attempted to shed light on issues of language acquisition among Latin American children who attended three public primary schools in Japan. This article combines extensive participant observation and in-depth group/individual semi-structured interviews with nine education personnel, three Latin American families living in Japan and 30 Japanese mothers. The participants provided their insights on language acquisition and schooling of foreign children at Japanese public schools. The analysis of interviews and observations suggested that ‘the educated citizen’ was a construct that could help explain issues concerning the education of foreign children in Japan. In addition, the educated citizen seemed to have two basic components – cultural and gender capital – entwined in the children’s academic achievement.
References
Section:
|
Abou-Habib, L (2003) Gender, citizenship, and nationality in the Arab region. Gender and Development 11(3): 66–75. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ackers, L, Stalford, H (2004) A community for children? Children, citizenship and internal migration in the EU. Journal of Contemporary European Studies 12(3): 367–396. Google Scholar | |
|
Andall, J (2002) Second-generation attitude? African-Italians in Milan. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28(3): 389–407. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Anthias, F (2001) The material and the symbolic in theorizing social stratification: issues of gender, ethnicity and class. British Journal of Sociology 52(3): 367–390. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Asahi Shimbun (2007) University denies Korean school student. Available at: http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/18/04/06042520/001.htm (accessed March 2006). Google Scholar | |
|
Balibar, E, Wallerstein, I (1991) Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London: Verso. Google Scholar | |
|
Beck, U (2002) The cosmopolitan society and its enemies. Theory, Culture & Society 19(1–2): 17–44. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Befu, H (2008) Toward zones of hybridity in Japan. In: Willis, DB, Murphy-Shigematsu, S (eds) Transcultural Japan: At the Borderlands of Race, Gender and Identity. London: Routledge, xxii–xxv. Google Scholar | |
|
Bliss, J, Monk, M, Ogborn, J (eds) (1983) Qualitative Data Analysis for Educational Research: A Guide to Uses of Systemic Networks. London: Croom Helm. Google Scholar | |
|
Bourdieu, P, Passeron, J (1973) Cultural reproduction and social reproduction. In: Brown, RK (ed) Knowledge, Education and Cultural Change. London: Tavistock, 71–112. Google Scholar | |
|
Bowles, S, Gintis, H (1976) Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life. New York: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Brodie, J (2004) Introduction: globalization and citizenship beyond the national state. Citizenship Studies 8(4): 323–332. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bronfman, M, Leyva, R, Negroni, M (eds) (2004) Movilidad poblacional y VIH- SIDA: Contextos de vulnerabilidad de México y Centroamérica [Population Mobility and HIV/AIDS]. Cuernavaca: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Google Scholar | |
|
Bungaard, H, Gulløv, E (2006) Children of different categories: educational practice and the production of difference in Danish day-care institutions. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32(1): 145–155. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Calavita, K (2005) Law, citizenship, and the construction of (some) immigrant Others. Law & Social Inquiry 30(2): 401–420. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Castro-Vázquez, G (2009) Immigrant children from Latin America at Japanese schools: homogeneity, ethnicity, gender and language in education. Journal of Research in International Education 8(1): 57–80. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Castro-Vázquez, G (2011a) Jumping out of enclosures: ethnicity, gender, education and language among Latin Americans in Japan. Ethnicities 11(2): 218–244. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Castro-Vázquez, G (2011b) Gender capital and the educated citizen: Japanese mothers speaking of language acquisition and education for foreign children. In: Gottlieb, N (ed.) Language and Citizenship in Japan. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Castro-Vázquez, G, Tarui, M (2006) Pueblo chico infierno grande: community support and HIV/AIDS among HIV-positive Latin Americans in Japan. Ethnicities 6(1): 52–73. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Castro-Vázquez, G, Tarui, M (2007) A service or a right: informed consent for HIV-positive Latin American men in Japan. Anthropology & Medicine 14(2): 197–212. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Coffey, A, Atkinson, P (1996) Making Sense of Qualitative Data. London: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Connell, RW, Ashenden, DJ, Kessler, S, Dowsett, GW (1982) Making The Difference: Schools, Families and Social Division. Sydney: George Allen & Unwin Australia. Google Scholar | |
|
Connell, RW (2002) Gender: Short Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Creighton, E (1997) Soto others and uchi others: imaging racial diversity, imagining homogeneous Japan. In: Weiner, M (ed.) Japan’s Minorities: The Illusion of Homogeneity. London: Routledge, 211–238. Google Scholar | |
|
De Hart, B (2006) The morality of Maria Toet: gender, citizenship and the construction of the nation-state. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32(1): 49–68. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Esara, P (2004) ‘Women will keep the household’: the mediation of work and family by female labor migrants in Bangkok. Critical Asian Studies 36(2): 199–216. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Field, J (2003) Social Capital. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Gillborn, D (2006) Citizenship education as placebo ‘standards’, institutional racism and education policy. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 1(1): 83–104. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Goodman, R (2005) W(h)ither the Japanese university? An introduction to the 2004 higher education reforms in Japan. In Eades, JS, Goodman, R, Hada, Y (eds) Global Japan: The ‘Big Bang’ in Japanese Higher Education. The Reforms and the Dynamics of Change. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press, 1–31. Google Scholar | |
|
Halliday, MAK (1975) Learning How to Mean: Explorations in the Development of Language. London: Edward Arnold. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hōmushō Nyūkoku Kanrikyoku (2008) Honhō niokeru fuhō zanryūshasū nitsuite (Heizei 20 nen 1gatsu tsuitachi genzai) (Act concerning the number of illegal residents up to January 2008). Available at http://www.moj.go.jp/PRESS/070229–2.pdf (accessed November 2009). Google Scholar | |
|
Hōmushō Nyūkoku Kanrikyoku (2010) Heizei 21 nenmatsu gensai ni okeru gaikokujin tōrokusha tōkei nitsuite (Statistics on registered foreigners up to the end of 2009). Available at http://www.moj.go.jp/nyuukokukanri/kouhou/nyuukokukanri04_00005.html (accessed January 2011). Google Scholar | |
|
Horvat, E (2001) Understanding equity and access in higher education: The potential contribution of Pierre Bourdieu, in Tierney, William G (ed) Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, pp. 195–238. New York: Agathon Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Ishikida, M (2005) Japanese Education in the 21st Century. New York: iUniverse, Inc. Google Scholar | |
|
Ito, R (2005) Crafting migrant women’s citizenship in Japan: Taking family as a vantage point. International Journal of Japanese Sociology 14: 52–69. Google Scholar | |
|
Komai, H (2001) Foreign Migrants in Contemporary Japan. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Kondo, D (1990) Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Kress, G (ed.) (1976) Halliday: System and function in language, Selected papers. London: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Lawler, S (2000) Mothering the Self: Mothers, Daughters, Subjects. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Mackie, V (2008) How to be a girl: Mainstream media portrayals of transgendered lives in Japan. Asian Studies Review 32: 411–23. Google Scholar | |
|
Marshall, G (1998) Oxford Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Martins, L (2000) Putting meritocracy in its place: The logic of performance in the United States, Brazil and Japan. Critique of Anthropology 20(4): 333–58. Google Scholar | |
|
Melia, M (2004) Transatlantic dialogue on integration of immigrant children and adolescents. International Migration 42(4): 123–39. Google Scholar | |
|
Miyajima, T (1999) Bunka to Fubyōdō: Shakaigakuteki Apurōchi (Culture and Inequality: A Sociological Approach). Tokyo: Yuhikaku. Google Scholar | |
|
Miyajima, T (2002), Shūgaku to sono zasetu ni okeru bunka shihon to dōkituke no mondai (Schooling and its breakdown in relation to cultural capital and embedded issues), in Miyajima, T, Kanō, H (eds) Kokusai Shakai 2 Henyōsuru Nihon Shakai to Bunka, pp. 119–44. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai. Google Scholar | |
|
Monbukagakushō (2009) Nihongo shidō ga hitsuyō na gaikokujin jidōseito no ukeire jōkyō nado ni kansuru chōsa (heizei 19 nendo) no kekka. Heizei 19 nen 4 gatsu 26 nichi (Survey on the situation of foreign students who need Japanese language guidance). Available at http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/houdou/21/07/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2009/07/03/1279262_1_1.pdf (accessed January 2011). Google Scholar | |
|
Mori, H. (1997) Immigration Policy and Foreign Workers in Japan. London: Macmillan Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Nakanishi, A, Saitō, K eds (1995) Gaikokujin Jidō Seito Kyōiku he Torikumi (Tackling the education of foreign students). Gakkōkyōsei no Michi. Tokyo: Kyōikushuppan. Google Scholar | |
|
Okano, KH (2006) The global-local interface in multicultural education policies in Japan. Comparative Education 42(4): 473–91. Google Scholar | |
|
Okano, K, Tsuchiya, M (1999) Education in Contemporary Japan: Inequality and Diversity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Ōta, H (2005) Nihonteki monokaruchurarizumu to gakushū konnan (Difficulties in learning and the Japanese mono-culturalism), in Miyajima, T, Ōta, H (eds) Gaikokujin no Kodomo to Nihon no Kyōiku: Fushūgaku Mondai to Tabunka Kyōsei no Kadai, pp. 57–76. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai. Google Scholar | |
|
Parreñas, R (2005) Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes. California: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Pautz, H (2005) The politics of identity in Germany: The Leitkultur debate. Race and Class 46(4): 39–52. Google Scholar | Abstract | |
|
Plummer, K (1995) Telling Sexual Stories: Power, Change, and Social Worlds. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ramazanoglu, C, Holland, J (2002) Feminist Methodology: Challenges and Choices. London: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Reyes-Ruiz, R (2005) Creating Latino communities in the Tokyo/Yokohama Metropolitan Area. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31(1): 151–69. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Sugimoto, Y (2003) An Introduction to Japanese Society. 2ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Suzuki, N (2008) Between two shores: Transnational projects and Filipina wives in/from Japan, in Willis, DB, Murphy-Shigematsu, S (eds) Transcultural Japan: At the Borderlands of Race, Gender and Identity, pp. 65–85. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Tai, E (2004) ‘Korean Japanese’ :a new identity option for resident Koreans in Japan. Critical Asian Studies 36(3): 355–82. Google Scholar | |
|
Takeda, H (2005) The Political Economy of Reproduction in Japan: Between Nation-State and Everyday Life. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Google Scholar | |
|
Tsuda, T (2000) The benefits of being a minority: The ethnic status of the Japanese-Brazilians in Brazil. The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies, Working paper 21. San Diego: University of California. Google Scholar | |
|
Tsuneyoshi, R (2004) The ‘new’ foreigners and the social reconstruction of difference: The cultural diversification of Japanese education. Comparative Education 30(1): 55–81. Google Scholar | |
|
Webb, T (2001) Reflection and reflective teaching: Ways to improve pedagogy or ways to remain racist? Race Ethnicity and Education 4(3): 245–52. Google Scholar | |
|
Yomiuri Shimbun (2008) Government to send teachers to Brazil. Available at http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080511TDY02304.htm (accessed May 2008). Google Scholar | |
|
Young, I (1990) Justice and the Politics of Difference. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar |
