The present research explores the sociocultural adjustment of international students and the role played by university structures in the process. The adjustment process of international students has been modelled in psychological literature as a U-curve, a learning curve and most recently as a long, uneven and unending process of change. Yet, little of the literature has addressed the role played in this process by university structures. The research was conducted in the UK with 58 undergraduates from Malaysia. It utilized a qualitative design and consisted of two waves of semi-structured small-group interviews. It was found that university structures, in the form of accommodation provision, course provision, and student union clubs and societies, provide opportunities for integration and adjustment support in the early stages of the sojourn. However, the desire for contact with a wide range of others, central to the adjustment process, takes time to develop in international students. It is suggested that an understanding of adjustment as a long and uneven process should be built into structures aiming to support the adjustment of international students.

Allen, A, Higgins, T (1994) Higher Education: The International Student Experience. London: HEIST Publications.
Google Scholar
Allport, G (1954) The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books.
Google Scholar
Andrade, M (2006) International students in English-speaking universities: adjustment factors. Journal of Research in International Education 5(2): 131154.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Ataca, B, Berry, JW (2002) Psychological, sociocultural and marital adjustment of Turkish immigrant couples in Canada. International Journal of Psychology 37(1): 1326.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bartram, B (2007) The sociocultural needs of international students in higher education: a comparison of staff and student views. Journal of Studies in International Education 11(2): 205214.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Berry, J, Sam, D (1997) Acculturation and adaptation. In Berry, J, Segall, M, Kagitcibasi, C (eds) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Volume 3: Social Behavior and Applications. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 291326.
Google Scholar
Bochner, S, McLeod, B, Lin, A (1977) Friendship patterns of overseas students. International Journal of Psychology 12(4): 277294.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Brown, L (2009) The transformative power of the international sojourn: an ethnographic study of the international student experience. Annals of Tourism Research 36(3): 502521.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Brown, L, Holloway, I (2008a) The adjustment journey of international postgraduate students at an English university: an ethnographic study. Journal of Research in International Education 7(2): 232249.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Brown, L, Holloway, I (2008b) The initial stage of the international sojourn: excitement or culture shock? British Journal of Guidance and Counselling 36(1): 3349.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Burnapp, D (2006). Trajectories of adjustment of international students: U- curve, learning curve, or third Space. Intercultural Education 17(1): 81-93.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Carr, JL, Koyama, M, Thiagarajan, M (2003) A women’s support group for Asian international students. Journal of American College Health 52(3): 131134.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Church, A (1982) Sojourner adjustment. Psychological Bulletin 91(3): 540572.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Daroesman, S, Looi, K, Butler, D (2005) Survey of Final Year International Students on Their Experience of The University of Melbourne. Melbourne: University Planning Office, The University of Melbourne.
Google Scholar
De Vita, G, Case, P (2003) Rethinking the internationalization agenda in UK higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education 27(4): 383398.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Edwards, V, Ran, A (2006) Meeting the needs of Chinese students in British Higher Education. Available at: http://www.ncll.org.uk/10_about/50_research/10_research_projects/MeetingTheNeeds.pdf (accessed 11 June 2010).
Google Scholar
Furnham, A, Bochner, S (1986) Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments. London: Methuen.
Google Scholar
Galchenko, IV, van de Vijver, FJR (2007) The role of perceived cultural distance in the acculturation of exchange students in Russia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 31(2): 181197.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Gill, S (2007) Overseas students' intercultural adaptation as intercultural learning: a transformative framework. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 37(2): 167183.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Government of Malaysia (2001) The Eighth Malaysia Plan, 2001–2005. Putrajaya: Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Malaysia.
Google Scholar
Greenland, K, Brown, R (2005) Acculturation and contact in Japanese students studying in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Social Psychology 145(4): 373390.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Hartshorne, R, Baucom, J (2007) Issues affecting cross-cultural adaptation of international graduate students. Multicultural Learning and Teaching 2(2): 7887.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Lee, J, Rice, C (2007) Welcome to America? International student perceptions of discrimination. Higher Education 53(3): 381409.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Li, A, Gasser, MB (2005) Predicting Asian international students’ sociocultural adjustment: a test of two mediation models. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 29(5): 561576.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Montgomery, C (2010) Understanding the International Student Experience. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Oberg, K (1960) Cultural shock: adjustment to new cultural environments. Practical Anthropology 7(1): 177182.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Ramsey, S, Jones, E, Barker, M (2007) Relationship between adjustment and support types: young and mature-aged local and international first year university students. Higher Education 54(2): 247265.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Robinson, C, Le Riche, P, Jacklin, A (2007) Students’ views of support in higher education: a study of current practice and future directions. Higher Education Review 40(1): 317.
Google Scholar
Rosenthal, D, Russell, J, Thomson, G (2008) The health and wellbeing of international students at an Australian University. Higher Education 55(1): 5167.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Russell, J, Rosenthal, D, Thomson, G (2010) The international student experience: three styles of adaptation. Higher Education 60(2): 235249.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Sam, D, Vedder, P, Ward, C. (2006) Psychological and sociocultural adjustment. In Berry, JW, Phinney, J, Sam, D. (eds) Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition: Acculturation, Identity and Adjustment Across National Contexts. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 117142.
Google Scholar
Sawir, E, Marginson, S, Deumert, A. (2008) Loneliness and international students: an Australian study. Journal of Studies in International Education 12(2): 148180.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Senyshyn, RM, Warford, MK, Zhao, J (2000) Issues of adjustment to higher education: international students’ perspectives. International Education 30(2): 1735.
Google Scholar
Sovic, S (2009) Hi-bye friends and the herd instinct: international and home students in the creative arts. Higher Education 58(6): 747761.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Strauss, A, Corbin, J (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, 2nd edn. London: SAGE.
Google Scholar
Swami, V (2009) Predictors of sociocultural adaptation among sojourning Malaysian students in Britain. International Journal of Psychology 44(4): 266273.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Swami, V, Arteche, A, Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2010) Sociocultural adjustment among sojourning Malaysian students in Britain: a replication and path analytic extension. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 45(1): 5765.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
United Kingdom Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA) (2004) Broadening our horizons: international students in UK universities and colleges. Available at: http://www.ukcisa.org.uk/about/material_media/archive.php (accessed 12 July 2010).
Google Scholar
United Kingdom Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA) (2009) Available at: http://www.ukcisa.org.uk/about/statistics_he.php (accessed 28 July 2010).
Google Scholar
Ward, C (2004) Psychological theories of culture contact and their implications for intercultural training and interventions. In Landis, D, Bennett, JM, Bennett, MJ (eds) Handbook of Intercultural Training, 3rd.edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ward, C, Bochner, S, Furnham, A (2001) The Psychology of Culture Shock. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Ward, C, Kennedy, A (1992) Locus of control, mood disturbance and social difficulty during cross-cultural transitions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 16(2): 175194.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Ward, C, Kennedy, A (1993) Where’s the ‘culture’ in cross-cultural transition? Comparative studies of sojourner adjustment. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 24(2): 221249.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Ward, C, Leong, CH, Low, M (2004) Personality and sojourner adjustment: an exploration of the Big Five and the cultural fit proposition. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35(2): 137151.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Ward, C, Okura, Y, Kennedy, A. (1998) The U-curve on trial: a longitudinal study of psychological and sociological adjustment during cross-cultural transition. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 22(3): 277291.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Ying, Y, Liese, LH (1994) Initial adjustment of Taiwanese students to the United States: the impact of postarrival variables. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 25(4): 466477.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Zheng, X, Berry, JW (1991) Psychological adaptation of Chinese sojourners in Canada. International Journal of Psychology 26(4): 451470.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Zhou, Y, Jindal-Snape, D, Topping, K. (2008) Theoretical models of culture shock and adaptation in international students in higher education. Studies in Higher Education 33(1): 6375.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Zhou, Y, Todman, J (2009) Patterns of adaptation of Chinese postgraduate students in the United Kingdom. Journal of Studies in International Education 13(4): 467486.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JRI-article-ppv for $36.00