![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
This article explores the language use and language attitudes as reported by a number of multilingual teenagers with a Swedish background in European Schools and international schools in Europe. Special attention is given to the concepts of Third Culture Kids and elite bilingualism in relation to teenagers’ multilingualism. This study is based on a sociolinguistic survey comprising 72 participants. The results show a relationship between the language of instruction in two different international education programmes and participants’ reported language use and attitudes.
References
Section:
|
Baetens Beardsmore, H (1993) The European school model. In: Baetens Beardsmore, H (ed.) European Models of Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp 121–154. Google Scholar | |
|
Baker, C, Prys Jones, S (1998) Encyclopedia of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Google Scholar | |
|
Bellander, T (2010) Ungdomars dagliga interaction. En språkvetenskaplig studie av sex gymnasieungdomars bruk av tal, skrift och interaktionsmedier. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet. Google Scholar | |
|
Block, D (2003) The Social Turn in Second Language Acquisition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Blommaert, J (2012) Chronicles of complexity: ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies. Paper 29, April. Tilburg: Tilburg University. Google Scholar | |
|
Blommaert, J, Rampton, B (2011) Language and superdiversity. Diversities 13(2): 1–20. Google Scholar | |
|
Boyd, S (1998) North Americans in the Nordic region: elite bilinguals. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 133: 31–50. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Butler, YG, Hakuta, K (2004) Bilingualism and second language acquisition. In: Bhatia, TK, Ritchi, WC (eds) The Handbook of Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 114–144. Google Scholar | |
|
Cameron, L, Larsen-Freeman, D (2007) Complex systems and applied linguistics. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 17(2): 226–239. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Carder, M (2007) Bilingualism in International Schools: A Model for Enriching Language Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Google Scholar | |
|
Cockburn, L (2002) Children and young people living in changing worlds: the process of assessing and understanding the ‘third culture kid’. School Psychology International 23(4): 475–485. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Day, D, Wagner, J (2007) Bilingual professionals. In: Auer, P, Wei, L (eds) Handbook of Multilingualism and Multilingual Communication. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 391–404. Google Scholar | |
|
De Mejia, AM (2002) Power, Prestige and Bilingualism: International Perspectives on Elite Bilingual Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Google Scholar | |
|
Eursc (Schola Europaea) (2014) Available at: http://www.eursc.org (accessed 25 November 2014). Google Scholar | |
|
Fail, H (2007) The potential of the past in practice: life stories of former international school students. In: Hayden, M, Levy, J, Thompson, J (eds) The Sage Handbook of Research in International Education. London: SAGE, pp. 103–112. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fail, H, Thompson, J, Walker, G (2004) Belonging, identity and third culture kids: life histories of former international school students. Journal of Research in International Education 3: 319–340. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Fishman, JA ([1965] 2007) Who speaks what language to whom and when? In: Wei, L (ed.) The Bilingualism Reader. New York: Routledge, pp. 55–70. Google Scholar | |
|
Fishman, JA (1977) The social science perspective. Bilingual Education: Current Perspectives. Social Science 1: 1–49. Google Scholar | |
|
Fraurud, K, Boyd, S (2011) The native – non-native speaker distinction and the diversity of linguistic profiles of young people in multilingual urban contexts in Sweden. In: Källström, R, Lindberg, I (eds) Young Urban Swedish: Variation and Change in Multilingual Settings. Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet, pp. 67–88. Google Scholar | |
|
García, O (2009) Bilingual Education in the 21st Century: A Global Perspective. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Google Scholar | |
|
Glick Schiller, N, Basch, L (1995) From immigrant to transmigrant: theorizing transnational migration. Anthropological Quarterly 68(1): 48–63. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Grimshaw, T, Sears, C (2008) ‘Where am I from?’ ‘Where do I belong?’ the negotiation and maintenance of identity by international school students. Journal of Research in International Education 7: 259–275. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Hayden, M (2012) Third culture kids: the global nomads of transnational spaces of learning. In: Brooks, M, Fuller, A, Waters, J (eds) Changing Spaces of Education: New Perspectives on the Nature of Learning. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 59–77. Google Scholar | |
|
Hayden, M, Thompson, J (2007) Introduction. In: Hayden, M, Levy, J, Thompson, J (eds) The Sage Handbook of Research in International Education. London: SAGE, pp. 1–8. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hill, I (2007) Multicultural and international education: never the twain shall meet. Review of Education 53: 245–264. Google Scholar | |
|
Holmen, A (2006) Finding a voice in a second language – a matter of language learning or intercultural communication? In: Jensen, I, Dahl, Ø, Nynäs, P (eds) Bridges of Understanding: Perspectives on Intercultural Communication. Oslo: Unipub forlag, pp. 197–212. Google Scholar | |
|
International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) (2015) Available at: www.ibo.org (accessed 15 February 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Kamwangamalu, NM (2004) Bi-/multilingualism in South Africa. In: Bhatia, TK, Ritchi, WC (eds) The Handbook of Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 725–741. Google Scholar | |
|
Lainio, J (2013) Tvåspråkighet och språkkontakter i Sverige. In: Sundgren, E (eds) Sociolingvistik. Stockholm: Liber, pp. 274–312. Google Scholar | |
|
Lambert, W (1977) The effects of bilingualism on the individual: cognitive and sociocultural consequences. In: Hornby, P (ed.) Bilingualism: Psychological, Social and Educational Implications. New York: Academic Press, pp. 15–27. Google Scholar | |
|
Lee, Y (2010) Home versus host – identifying with either, both or neither? The relationship between dual cultural identities and intercultural effectiveness. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 10: 55–76. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Myers-Scotton, C (2006) Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Paulston, C (1978) Education in a bi/multilingual setting. International Review of Education 24(3): 309–328. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pollock, DC, Van Reken, RE (2009) Third Culture Kids: The Experience of Growing Up among Worlds. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Pries, L (2004) Transnationalism and migration: new challenges for the social sciences and education. In: Luchtenberg, S (ed.) Migration, Education and Change. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 15–39. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rampton, B (1995) Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among Adolescents. Harlow: Longman Group Limited. Google Scholar | |
|
Riksföreningen Sverigekontakt (RSK) (2015) Available at: www.sverigekontakt.se (accessed 15 February 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Romaine, S (1995) Bilingualism. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Google Scholar | |
|
Rydenvald, M (2014a) ‘Det var svårt att välja eftersom jag har två språk’. Svenska bland flerspråkiga ungdomar i Europa. In: Lindström, J, Henricson, S, Huhtala, A (eds) Svenskans beskrivning 33. Helsingfors: Helsingfors universitet, pp. 417–426. Google Scholar | |
|
Rydenvald, M (2014b) ‘eftersom jag har två språk’. Språkbruk bland svensktalande ungdomar i Europa. Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet. Google Scholar | |
|
Skutnabb-Kangas, T (1981) Tvåspråkighet. Lund: Liber Läromedel. Google Scholar | |
|
Svensk utlandsundervisnings förening (SUF) (2015) Available at: http://www.suf.c.se (accessed 15 February 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Useem, J, Donoghue, J, Useem, R (1963) Men in the middle of the third culture. Human Organization 22(3): 169–179. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Vertovec, S (2007) Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies 30(6): 1024–1054. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |
