![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme for secondary education students requires the successful completion of the Creativity, Action, Service (CAS) component (more recently renamed Creativity, Activity, Service) which is based on the philosophy of experiential learning and Academic Service Learning. In this article, the technique of mixed content analysis is employed to examine the perceptions of students in an International Baccalaureate Greek private school regarding the implementation and effectiveness of CAS. The empirical results indicate that students perceive and conceptualise volunteering activities in two contrasting dimensions, namely idealistic-humanitarian and utilitarian-instrumentalist, implying that Academic Service Learning projects may need to be adjusted to achieve their objectives.
References
Section:
|
Billig, S, Jesse, D, Broderson, M. (2008) Promoting secondary students’ character development through service learning. In: Bowdon, M, Billig, S, Holland, B (eds) Scholarship for Sustaining Service-Learning and Civic Engagement. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing, pp. 57–83. Google Scholar | |
|
Blouin, D, Perry, E (2009) Whom does service learning really serve? Community-based organizations’ perspectives on service learning. Teaching Sociology 37: 120–135. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bonidis, K (2004) The Content of the School Textbook as the Object of Research: Longitudinal Examination of Related Research and Methodological Approaches. Thessaloniki: Metaihmio Publisher (in Greek). Google Scholar | |
|
Bonidis, K (2012) The content analysis as a joint methodological approach of qualitative analysis of texts. In: Pourkos, M (ed.) Possibilities and Limits of Mixing Methodologies in Social and Educational Research: Expanding Perspectives in Research Design. Athens: Ion’s Press, pp. 1–22 (in Greek). Google Scholar | |
|
Bringle, R, Hatcher, J (1996) Implementing service learning in higher education. Journal of Higher Education 67(2): 221–239. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bryman, A (2001) Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Bunnell, T (2005) Perspectives on international schools and the nature and extent of local community contact. Journal of Research in International Education 4: 43–63. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Cambridge, J (2010) The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and the construction of pedagogic identity: a preliminary study. Journal of Research in International Education 9(3): 199–213. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Cambridge, J (2012) International education research and the sociology of knowledge. Journal of Research in International Education 11(3): 230–244. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Clarke, V, Braun, A (2013) Teaching thematic analysis. Psychologist 26(2): 120–123. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Cohen, L, Manion, L, Morrison, K (2007) Research Methods in Education. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Conrad, D, Hedin, D (1981) National Assessment of Experiential Education. Minneapolis, MN: Center for Youth Development and Research, University of Minnesota. Google Scholar | |
|
Davila, A, Mora, M (2007) Civic engagement and high school academic progress: an analysis using NELS data. Circle Working Paper, January, The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement, College Park. Google Scholar | |
|
Elias, L. J., Merriam, S (2005) Philosophical Foundations of Adult Education. Florida: Krieger Publishing Co. Google Scholar | |
|
Engeström, Y, Engeström, R, Kärkkäinen, M (1995) Polycontextuality and boundary crossing in expert cognition: learning and problem solving in complex work activities. Learning and Instruction 5(4): 319–336. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Eyler, J, Giles, D (1999) Where’s the Learning in Service-Learning? San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Eyler, J, Giles, DE, Stenson, C. (2001) At a Glance: What We Know about the Effects of Service-Learning on College Students, Faculty, Institutions, and Communities, 1993–2000. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University. Google Scholar | |
|
Forbes, S (2003) Holistic Education: an Analysis of its Ideas and Nature. Brandon, VT: Foundation for Educational Renewal. Google Scholar | |
|
Furco, A (2010) The community as a resource for learning: an analysis of academic service-learning in primary and secondary education. In: Dumont, H, Istance, D, Benavides, F (eds) The Nature of Learning: Using Research to Inspire Practice. Paris: OECD Publishing, pp. 227–249. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Furco, A, Root, S (2010) Research demonstrates the value of service learning. Phi Delta Kappan 91(5): 16–20. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hayden, M, Thompson, J (2013) International schools: antecedents, current issues and metaphors for the future. In: Pearce, R (ed.) International Education and Schools: Moving beyond the First 40 Years. London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, pp. 3–24. Google Scholar | |
|
Haywood, T (2015) International mindedness and its enemies. In: Hayden, M, Levy, J, Thompson, J (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Research in International Education. London: SAGE, pp. 45–58. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hensley Kasitz, D (2009) From the classroom to the community: designing a service-learning course in political science. In: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA, 8–10 January. Google Scholar | |
|
Holt, A (2011) Discourse analysis approaches. In: Frost, N (ed.) Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology: Combining Core Approaches. London: Open University Press, pp. 66–92. Google Scholar | |
|
International Baccalaureate (IB) (2008a) Creativity, Action, Service Guide. Cardiff: IB. Google Scholar | |
|
International Baccalaureate (IB) (2008b) IB Learner Profile Booklet. Cardiff: IB. Google Scholar | |
|
International Baccalaureate (IB) (2012) CAS Illustrated: Global Interpretations of Creativity, Action, Service. Cardiff: IB. Google Scholar | |
|
Kenway, J (2013) Challenging inequality in Australian schools: Gonski and beyond. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 34(2): 286–308. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kolb, D (1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Google Scholar | |
|
Lee, M, Wright, E (2015) Elite schools in international education markets in East Asia. In: Hayden, M, Levy, J, Thompson, J (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Research in International Education. London: SAGE, pp. 583–597. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Leiderman, S, Furco, A, Zapf, J. (2003) Building Partnerships with College Campuses: Community Perspectives. Washington, DC: The Council of Independent Colleges. Google Scholar | |
|
Moely, B, McFarland, M, Miron, D. (2002) Changes in college students’ attitudes and intentions for civic involvement as a function of service-learning experiences. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning 9(1): 18–26. Google Scholar | |
|
Peterson, A (1972) The International Baccalaureate: An Experiment in International Education. London: George G. Harrap. Google Scholar | |
|
Pourkos, M (2010) The meaning of theory and the role of research in social sciences: the ‘crises’ and the main ‘paradigms’. In: Pourkos, M, Dafermos, M (eds) Qualitative Research in Social Sciences: Epistemological, Methodological and Ethical Issues. Athens: Topos, pp. 59–130 (in Greek). Google Scholar | |
|
Warner, B, Esposito, J (2009) What’s not in the syllabus: faculty transformation, role modeling and role conflict in immersion service-learning courses. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 20(3): 510–517. Google Scholar | |
|
Weiler, D, LaGoy, A, Crane, E. (1998) An Evaluation of K-12 Service Learning in California. Emeryville, CA: RPP International. Google Scholar | |
|
Wilkinson, V, Hayden, M (2010) The International Baccalaureate Diploma and student attitudes: an exploratory study. Journal of Research in International Education 9(1): 85–96. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Wright, E, Lee, M (2014) Elite International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme schools and inter-cultural understanding in China. British Journal of Educational Studies 62(2): 149–169. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |
Author biographies
Christos Hatziconstantis is the Creativity, Activity, Service (CAS) Coordinator and teacher of Economics at the Moraitis School in Athens, Greece. He holds a PhD and an MSc in Economics, an MA and a Certificate in Education and a Certificate in Counselling.
Tania Kolympari is a PhD candidate in the department of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Psychology at the University of Ioannina, Greece and a primary school teacher at the Kantas School in Athens, Greece. She holds an MA in Educational Assessment, an MA in Education and Disability, a BA in Early Childhood Education and a Bachelors Degree in Primary Education.
