Abstract
This article recounts the story of Jack’s primary and secondary schooling career across several countries and eventual relocation and tertiary education in Victoria, Australia. His narrative is described here as an antipodean educational trajectory. What is meant by antipodean education is contrasted to the long established concept of the third culture kid (TCK). There are overlaps in these concepts. The argument is made, however, that Jack’s travelling and multiple education cultural mix gives him a different sense of himself that is not fully accounted for in the TCK literature. Global movement of people for employment and other reasons such as politics, governmental or service professions, continues today, Taking children with working and mobile parents has long been characterised as creating third culture kids who do not belong to either originating or hosting societies. Today, however, it is less the case that this can be adequately described as travel ‘out from’ and ‘back to’ the geo-political centres. This changing socio-cultural reality means re-examining what kinds of educational opportunities and experiences children are exposed to and the effects of these on young people.
|
Amigo, M (2014) Learning from children: Childhood, culture and identity in a changing world. Oceania 84(1): 100–101. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Beilharz, P (1997) Imagining the Antipodes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Beilharz, P (2009) From sociology to culture, via media: Some thoughts from the Antipodes. The American Sociologist 40(3): 228–232. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Beilharz, P, Hogan, T (2012) Sociology: Antipodean Perspectives. 2nd ed. South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Bell, A (2004) Relating Mäori and Pakeha: The Politics of Indigenous and Settler Identities. PhD, Palmerston North, NZ: Massey University. Google Scholar | |
|
Brock-Utne, B (2012) Language policy and science: Could some African countries learn from some Asian countries? International Review of Education 58(4): 481–503. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bryman, A (2015) Social Research Methods. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Bunde-Birouste, A (2006) Challenges in humanitarian emergencies and development cooperation. Promotion and Education 13(3): 210–218. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Burns, EA (2011) An antipodean perspective for considering religion and spirituality in New Zealand. Journal of Islamic Perspective 5: 246–278. Google Scholar | |
|
Byttner, MA (2012) Career choices and the influence of third culture kids on international relations. Honours thesis, College of Arts and Sciences. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR. Google Scholar | |
|
Chang, H (2008) Autoethnography as Method. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Chang, H, Ngunjiri, F, Hernandez, K (2013) Collaborative Autoethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Clark, B, Button, C (2011) Sustainability transdisciplinary education model: Interface of arts, science, and community. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 12(1): 41–54. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Cockburn, L (2002) Children and young people living in changing worlds: The process of assessing and understanding the ‘third culture kid’. School Psychology International 23(4): 475–485. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Eldin, A (2015) Teaching culture in the classroom to Arabic learning students. International Education Studies 8(2): 113–120. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fail, H, Thompson, J, Walker, G (2004) Belonging, identity and third culture kids: Life histories of former international school students. Journal of Research in International Education 3(3): 319–338. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Gamlath, S (2013) ‘Freeing’ free education in Sri Lanka. Asian Education and Development Studies 2(1): 34–52. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Garland, E (2013) African hosts and their guests: Cultural dynamics of tourism. African Tourism Studies 56(2): 195–196. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Granich, S (2013) Culturally competent field education practice with Guatemalans. Field Educator 3(2): 1–6. Google Scholar | |
|
Greenholtz, J, Kim, J (2009) The cultural hybridity of Lena: A multi-method case study of a third culture kid. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 33(5): 391–398. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gunn, V (2014) Present teaching stories as re-membering the humanities. Humanities 3(3): 264–282. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Habibis, D (2013) Ethics and social research. In: Walter, M (ed) Social Research Methods. 3rd ed. Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press, pp. 72–98. Google Scholar | |
|
Hayes, D (2010) ‘Education is all about opportunities, isn’t it?’: A biographical perspective on learning and teaching English in Sri Lanka. Harvard Educational Review 80(4): 517–541. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Helmick, G (2014) North Florida in the Cuban literary canon: Contact zone, chronotope and liminal space. Southern Literary Journal 46(2): 45–66. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hettige, S (2000) Economic liberalism, qualifications and livelihoods in Sri Lanka. Assessment in Education 7(3): 325–333. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hugo, G (2009) Migration between Africa and Australia: A demographic perspective. Sydney, NSW: Australian Human Rights Commission: 1–70. Google Scholar | |
|
Kenny, C (2014) Learning curve. Foreign Policy 205: 30–31. Google Scholar | |
|
Kroger, M (2004) Child exiles: A new research area? Shofar 23(1): 8–12. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kukreja, M, Bhagat, S (2015) Successful management for management of cross cultural communication. International Journal of Management Research and Reviews 5(2): 108–112. Google Scholar | |
|
Leary, J (2014) The worlds of Langston Hughes: Modernism and translation in the Americas. African American Review 47(1): 211–214. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Letts, M (2015) Cross-cultural issues in art: Frames for understanding. Studies in Art Education 56(2): 187–190. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lijadi, A, van Schalkwyk, G (2014) Narratives of third culture kids: Commitment and reticence in social relationships. The Qualitative Report 19(25): 1–18. Google Scholar | |
|
Limberg, D, Lambie, GW (2011) Third culture kids: Implications for professional school counseling. Professional School Counseling 15(1): 45–54. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Madden, L, Joshi, A (2013) What does culture have to do with teaching science? Science and Children 51(1): 66–69. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Morales, A (2015) Factors affecting third culture kids’ (TCKs) transition. Journal of International Education Research 11(1): 51–55. Google Scholar | |
|
Mukhopadhyay, A (2007) South Asia’s health promotion kaleidoscope. Promotion and Education 14(4): 238–243. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Panina, D, Kroumova, M (2015) Cross-cultural communication patterns in computer mediated communication. Journal of International Education Research 11(1): 1–6. Google Scholar | |
|
Phillips, M (2011) Convenient labels, inaccurate representations: Turning southern Sudanese refugees into ‘African-Australians’. Australasian Review of African Studies 32(2): 57–79. Google Scholar | |
|
Pollock, DC, van Reken, RE (1999) The Third Culture Kid Experience: Growing Up Among Worlds. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Pond, S (2014) A negotiated tradition: ‘Learning traditional’ ewe drumming. Black Music Research Journal 34(2): 169–200. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rauland, C, Adams, T (2015) A stronger; smarter future: Multicultural education in Australia. Reclaiming Children and Youth 23(4): 30–35. Google Scholar | |
|
Ricoeur, P (1991) Life in quest of narrative. In Wood, D (Ed.), On Paul Ricoeur: Narrative and Interpretation. London: Routledge, pp. 20–33. Google Scholar | |
|
Rosling, H (2010) Global population growth, box by box. TED Talks. Available at: https://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_on_global_population_growth?language=en Google Scholar | |
|
Russell, K (2011) Growing up a third culture kid: A sociological self-exploration. Human Architecture 9(1): 29–42. Google Scholar | |
|
Santana, S (2014) Migrant forms: African parade’s new literary geographies. African Literature 45(3): 167–187. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Selmer, J, Lam, H (2004) ‘Third-culture kids’: future business expatriates? Personnel Review 33(4): 430–435. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sneddon, R (2008) Young bilingual children learning to read dual language books. English Teaching 7(2): 71–84. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Standage, M, Duda, J, Ntoumanis, N (2005) A test of self-determination theory in school physical education theory. British Journal of Educational Psychology 75(3): 411–433. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Straffon, DA (2003) Assessing the intercultural sensitivity of high school students attending an international school. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 27(4): 487–501. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Täitaiako (2011) Te Tähuhu o Te Mätauranga Ministry of Education and New Zealand Teachers Council. Täitaiako: Cultural Competencies for Teachers of Mäori Learners. Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Education. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, V (1967) The Ritual Process. London: Penguin. Google Scholar | |
|
Unterhalter, E (2003) Gender equity, feminism and analysis of Commonwealth higher education. McGill Journal of Education 38(3): 363–379. Google Scholar | |
|
Vertinsky, P (2010) From dance under the swastika to movement education: A study of embodied culture. Critical Studies 33(1): 43–55. Google Scholar | |
|
Willis, DB, Enloe, WW, Minoura, Y (1994) Transculturals, transnationals: The new diaspora. The International Schools Journal 14(10): 29–42. Google Scholar | |
|
Wu, H, Garza, E, Guzman, N (2015) International student’s challenge and adjustment to college. Education Research International: 1–9. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Zhang, Y, Suguru, M, You, Y, Tsang, M (2011) Financial inequality in basic education in selected OECD countries. International Education Studies 4(3): 3–22. Google Scholar | Crossref |

