When Crises Collide: How Intimate Partner Violence and Poverty Intersect to Shape Women’s Mental Health and Coping?
Abstract
Until recently, the connection between intimate partner violence (IPV) and persistent poverty had been largely ignored. Recent research indicates, however, that the two phenomena cooccur at high rates; produce parallel effects; and, in each other’s presence, constrain coping options. Therefore, both external situational, and internal psychological difficulties are missed when women contending with both poverty and IPV are viewed through the lens of just one or just the other. This article describes mental health consequences for women who contend with both partner violence and poverty. It proposes that the stress, powerlessness, and social isolation at the heart of both phenomena combine to produce posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other emotional difficulties. The article also introduces the term ‘‘survival-focused coping’’ to describe women’s methods of coping with IPV in the context of poverty and highlights the role that domestic violence advocates, mental health providers, and researchers can play in addressing these tightly intertwined phenomena.
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1.
1. The U.S. Census measures poverty by taking into account the family size and the number of children living in a given household, with the threshold of US$10,488 for a single adult and US$13,896 for a single parent and child (Weighted average poverty thresholds for families of specified sized: 1959 to 2006. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from www.census.gov/ps).
2.
2. The Violence Against Women Act of 2005, limited some landlords’ ability to engage in such revictimization of battered women, but the law’s protections apply only to public and some government-subsidized housing. Women in private homes or apartments typically remain unprotected unless local laws provide otherwise.
3.
3. ‘‘Relationship Centered Advocacy’’ represents a name change from the former ‘‘Feminist Relational Advocacy.’’ This change was made to reflect better the core ingredient of the model.
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