There are both conceptual and practical challenges in dealing with data from mixed methods research studies. There is a need for discussion about various integrative strategies for mixed methods data analyses. This article illustrates integrative analytic strategies for a mixed methods study focusing on improving urban schools facing challenging circumstances. The research was conducted using a concurrent mixed methods approach. The qualitative and quantitative strands of data were analyzed independently through thematic analysis of qualitative data and factor analysis of survey data, followed by integrative data analytic procedures. The integrative data analytic approach included strategies such as parallel integration for member checking, data transformation for comparison, data consolidation for emergent themes, and case analysis for fine-grained descriptions of school profiles. The integrative data analysis process featured the iterative nature of mixing data sources at various points and allowed the researchers to pay attention to emergent insights made available through mixed methods research.

Alexander, K.L. , Entwisle, D.R. , & Kabbani, N.S. (2001). The dropout process in life course perspective: Early risk factors at home and school. Teachers College Record , 103, 760-822.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Barth, P. , Haycock, K. , Jackson, H. , Mora, K. , Ruiz, P. , Robinson, S. , et al. (1999). Dispelling the myth: High poverty schools exceeding expectations. Washington, DC: Education Trust.
Google Scholar
Bazeley, P. (2006). The contribution of computer software to integrating qualitative and quantitative data and analyses. Research in the Schools, 13(1), 64-74.
Google Scholar
Bernhardt, V. (2004). Continuous improvement: It takes more than test scores. Leadership, 34(2), 16-20.
Google Scholar
Brannen, J. (2005). Mixed methods: The entry of qualitative and quantitative approaches into the research process. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 173-184.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Bray, B. (2005). Data can drive development. Technology and Learning, 25(11), 10-13.
Google Scholar
Brewer, J. , & Hunter, A. (2006). Foundations of multimethod research: Synthesizing styles. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
Google Scholar | Crossref
Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: How is it done? Qualitative Research, 6, 97-113.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bryman, A. (2007). Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1); 8-22.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Caracelli, V.J. , & Greene, J.C. (1993). Data analysis strategies for mixed method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 15, 195-207.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Caracelli, V.J. , & Greene, J.C. (1997). Crafting mixed method evaluation designs. In J. C. Greene & V. J. Caracelli (Eds.), Advances in mixed methods evaluation: The challenges and benefits of integrating diverse paradigms (New Directions for Evaluation No. 74, pp. 19-32). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Connell, N. (1996). Getting off the list: School improvement in New York City. New York: New York City Educational Priorities Panel.
Google Scholar
Cousins, J.B. , Ross, J.A. , & Maynes, F. (1994). The nature and consequences of teachers' joint work: A study of three exemplary schools. Elementary School Journal, 94, 441-465.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Creswell, J.W. , & Plano Clark, V.L. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Google Scholar
Darling-Hammond, L. (1995). Policy for restructuring. In A. Lieberman (Ed.), The work of restructuring schools: Building from the ground up (pp. 157-176). New York: Teachers College Press.
Google Scholar
Denzin, N.K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Google Scholar
Earl, L. , & Katz, S. (2005). Painting a data-rich picture. Principal Leadership, 5(5), 16-20.
Google Scholar
Ed, E. (2001). Before Head Start: Income and ethnicity, family characteristics, child care experiences, and child development. Early Education and Development, 12(4), 545-559.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Epstein, J. (1991). Effects on student achievement of teachers' practices of parent involvement. In S. B. Silvern (Ed.), Advances in reading/language research: Vol. 5. Literacy through family, community, and school interaction (pp. 261-276). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Google Scholar
Freeman, J.A. (1997, November). Contextual contrasts between improving and stable elementary schools in Louisiana. Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Mid-South Educational Research Association , Memphis, TN.
Google Scholar
Fullan, M.G. (1990). Change processes in secondary schools: Toward a more fundamental agenda. In M. McLaughlin , J. Talbert , & N. Bascia (Eds.), The contexts of teaching in secondary schools: Teachers' realities (pp. 224-225). New York: Teachers College Press.
Google Scholar
Fullan, M.G. (1993). Change forces: Probing the depths of educational reform. London: Falmer.
Google Scholar
Goddard, R.D. , Hoy, W.K. , & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2004). Collective efficacy beliefs: Theoretical developments, empirical evidence, and future directions. Educational Researcher, 33(3), 3-13.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Gore, T. , & Smith, N. (2001). Patterns of educational attainment in the British coalfields. Sheffield, UK: Department for Education and Skills.
Google Scholar
Guba, E.G. , & Lincoln, Y.S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Greene, J.C. , & Caracelli, V.J. (1997). Defining and describing the paradigm issue in mixed method evaluation. In J. C. Greene & V. J. Caracelli (Eds.), Advances in mixed methods evaluation: The challenges and benefits of integrating diverse paradigms (New Directions for Evaluation No. 74, pp. 5-17). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Greene, J.C. , Caracelli, V.J. , & Graham, W.F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed methods evaluation design. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 11, 255-274.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Guskey, T. (2000). Analyzing lists of characteristics of effective professional development to promote visionary leadership. National Association of Secondary School Principals, 87(637), 4-21
Google Scholar
Hargreaves, A. , & Fink, D. (2006). Sustainable leadership. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Google Scholar
Harris, A. , & Chapman, C. (2001). Leadership in schools facing challenging circumstances . Report to the National College of School Leadership, London, UK.
Google Scholar
Heller, M. , & Firestone, W. (1995). Who's in charge here? Sources of leadership for change in eight schools. Elementary School Journal, 96, 65-86.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Henderson, A. , & Berla, N. (1994). A new generation of evidence: The family is critical to student achievement. St. Louis, MO, and Flint, MI: Danforth Foundation and Mott (C. S.) Foundation.
Google Scholar
Hopkins, D. (2001). Meeting the challenge: An improvement guide for schools facing challenging circumstances. London: Department for Education and Skills.
Google Scholar
Hopkins, D. , Ainscow, M. , & West, M. (1994). School improvement in an era of change. New York: Teachers College Press.
Google Scholar
House, E.R. , & Howe, K.R. (1999). Values in evaluation and social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Howe, K.R. (1988). Against the quantitative-qualitative incompatibility thesis or dogmas die hard. Educational Researcher, 17(8), 10-16.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Johnson, R.B. , Onwuegbuzie, A.J. , & Turner, L.A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research . Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Joyce, B. , Calhoun, E. , & Hopkins, D. (1999). The new structure of school improvement. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Google Scholar
Leithwood, K.A. , Jantzi, D. , & Steinbach, R. (1999). Changing leadership for changing times. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
Google Scholar
Leithwood, K.A. , & Steinbach, R. (2002). Successful leadership for especially challenging schools. Journal of Leadership in Education, 79(2), 73-82.
Google Scholar
Levin, B. (2006). Schools in challenging circumstances: A reflection on what we need to know. School Effectiveness and School Improvement , 17, 399-407.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Li, S. , Marquart, J.M. , & Zercher, C. (2000). Conceptual issues and analytic strategies in mixed methods studies of preschool inclusion. Journal of Early Intervention , 23, 116-132.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Louis, K.S. , & Kruse, S.D. (1995). Professionalism and community: Perspectives on reforming urban schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Louis, K. , & Smith, B. (1990). Teacher working conditions. In P. Reyes (Ed.), Teachers and their workplace: Commitment, performance and productivity (pp. 23-47). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Maden, M. (Ed.). (2001). Success against the odds: Five years on. London: Routledge Falmer.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Mathison, S. (1988). Why triangulate? Educational Researcher , 17(2), 13-17.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Maxwell, J.A. (1992). Understanding and validity in qualitative research . Harvard Educational Review, 62, 279-300.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Maxwell, J.A. , Bashbook, P.G. , & Sandlow, C.J. (1986). Combining ethnographic and experimental methods in educational evaluation. In D. M. Fetterman & M. A. Pittman (Eds.), Educational evaluation: Ethnography in theory, practice, and politics (pp. 121-143). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Maxwell, J.A. , & Loomis, D.M. (2003). Mixed methods design: An alternative approach . In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (pp. 241-271). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
McCartney, C. , & Schrag, F. (1990). Departmental and school leadership in promoting higher-order thinking. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 22, 529-543.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
McDougall, D.E. , Gaskell, J. , Flessa, J. , Kugler, J. , Jang, E.E. , Herbert, M. , et al. (2006). Improving student achievement in schools facing challenging circumstances. Toronto, Canada: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto.
Google Scholar
Morales, J.R. , & Guerra, N.G. (2006). Effects of multiple context and cumulative stress on urban children's adjustment in elementary school. Child Development, 77, 907-923.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Morgan, A. (2007). Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 8-22.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Muijs, D. , Harris, A. , Chapman, C. , Stoll, L. , & Russ, J. (2004). Improving schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas: A review of research evidence. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 15, 149-175.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Murphy, J. (2002). Reculturing the profession of educational leadership: New blueprints. In J. Murphy (Ed.), The educational challenge: Redefining leadership for the 21st century. Yearbook of the National Society of the Study of Education (pp. 62-82). Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Patton, M. (1988). Paradigms and pragmatism. In D. M. Fetterman (Ed.), Qualitative approaches to evaluation in education: The silent scientific revolution (pp. 116-137). New York: Praeger.
Google Scholar
Randi, J. , & Zeichner, K. (2004). New visions of teacher professional development . In M. Smylie & D. Miretszky (Eds.), Developing the teacher workforce (pp. 180-227). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Reichardt, C.S. , & Rallis, S.F. (1994). The qualitative-quantitative debate: New perspectives . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Reynolds, D. , Hopkins, D. , Potter, D. , & Chapman, C. (2001). School improvement for schools facing challenging circumstances: A review of research and practice. London : Department for Education and Skills.
Google Scholar
Rimm-Kaufman, S.E. , Pianta, R.C. , Cox, M.J. , & Bradley, R.H. (2003). Teacher-rated family involvement and children's social and academic outcomes in kindergarten. Early Education and Development, 14(2), 179-198.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Rosenholtz, S.J. (1989). Teachers' workplace: The social organization of schools. New York: Longman.
Google Scholar
Ross, D. , & Webb, R.B. (1995). Implementing shared decision making at Brooksville Elementary School. In A. Lieberman (Ed.), The work of restructuring schools: Building from the ground up (pp. 64-86). New York: Teachers College Press.
Google Scholar
Ross, J. , Hannay, L. , & Brydges, B. (1998). District-level support for site-based renewal: A case study of secondary school reform. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 44; 349-368.
Google Scholar
Ryan, J. (2006). Inclusive leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Smith, J.K. (1983). Quantitative versus qualitative research: An attempt to clarify the issue. Educational Researcher, 12(3), 6-13.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Smith, J.K. , & Heshusius, L. (1986). Closing down the conversation: The end of the quantitative-qualitative debate among educational researchers. Educational Researcher, 15(1), 4-12.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Spillane, J. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Tashakkori, A. , & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
Google Scholar
Teddlie, C. , Reynolds, D. , & Sammons, P. (2000). The methodology and scientific properties of school effectiveness research. In C. Teddlie & D. Reynolds (Eds.), The international handbook of school effectiveness research. London: Falmer.
Google Scholar
Teddlie, C. , & Tashakkori, A. (2006):A general typology of research designs featuring mixed methods. Research in the Schools, 13(1), 12-28.
Google Scholar
Thompson, B. (2002). What future quantitative social science research could look like: Confidence intervals for effect sizes. Educational Researcher, 31(3), 25-32.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Thrupp, M. , & Lupton, R. (2006). Taking school contexts more seriously: The social justice challenge. British Journal of Educational Studies , 54, 308-328.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Van Horn, L. (2006). Re-imagining professional development. Voices From the Middle, 13(4), 58-64.
Google Scholar
Weisner, T. (Ed.). (2005). Discovering successful pathways in children's development: Mixed methods in the study of childhood and family life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

MMR-article-ppv for $36.00