Abstract
Data integration is a crucial element in mixed methods analysis and conceptualization. It has three principal purposes: illustration, convergent validation (triangulation), and the development of analytic density or “richness.” This article discusses such applications in relation to new technologies for social research, looking at three innovative forms of data integration that rely on computational support: (a) the integration of geo-referencing technologies with qualitative software, (b) the integration of multistream visual data in mixed methods research, and (c) the integration of data from qualitative and quantitative methods.
|
Adler, M. (2003). A socio-legal approach to administrative justice. Law & Policy, 25, 323-352. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bazeley, P. (1999). The bricoleur with a computer: Piecing together qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative Health Research, 9, 279-287. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bazeley, P. (2006). The contribution of computer software to integrating qualitative and quantitative data and analysis. Research in the Schools, 13, 63-73. Google Scholar | |
|
Blaikie, N. (1991). A critique of the use of triangulation in social research. Quality & Quantity, 25, 115-136. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 6, 97-113. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Burt, R. S. (2005). Brokerage and closure: An introduction to social capital. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Campbell, D. T., Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validity by the multi-trait, multi-method matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Christ, T. W. (2009). Designing, teaching and evaluating two complementary mixed methods research courses. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3, 292-325. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Craig, W. J., Harris, T. M., Weiner, D. (Eds.). (2002). Community participation and geographic information systems. London, England: Taylor & Francis. Google Scholar | |
|
Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Denzin, N. K. (1970). The research act in sociology: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. London, England: Butterworths. Google Scholar | |
|
Denzin, N. K. (2010). Moments, mixed methods, and paradigm dialogues. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 419-427. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook of qualitative research. London, England: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Fielding, N. (2008). Grid computing and qualitative social science. Social Science Computer Review, 26, 301-316. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Fielding, N. (2009). Going out on a limb: Postmodernism and multiple method research. Current Sociology, 57, 427-447. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Fielding, N. (2010a). Mixed methods research in the real world. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 13, 127-138. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Fielding, N. (2010b). Virtual fieldwork using access grid. Field Methods, 22, 195-216. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Fielding, N. (2011). Judges and their work. Social & Legal Studies, 20, 97-115. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Fielding, N., Cisneros-Puebla, C. (2009). CAQDAS-GIS Convergence: Towards a new integrated mixed method research practice? Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3, 349-370. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Fielding, N., Fielding, J. (1986). Linking data. London, England: SAGE. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fielding, N., MacIntyre, M. (2006). Access grid nodes in field research. Sociological Research Online, 11(2). Retrieved from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/11/2/fielding.html Google Scholar | |
|
Fielding, N., Schreier, M. (2001). On the compatability between qualitative and quantitative research methods. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 2(1). Retrieved from http://qualitative-research.net/fqs/fqs-eng.htm Google Scholar | |
|
Galanter, M., Palen, F., Thomas, J. (1979). The crusading judge: Judicial activism in trial courts. Southern California Law Review, 52, 699-741. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Glaser, B., Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine. Google Scholar | |
|
Hesse-Biber, S. (2010a). Emerging methodologies and methods practices in the field of mixed methods research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 415-418. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hesse-Biber, S. (2010b). Qualitative approaches to mixed methods practice. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 455-468. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hindmarsh, J. (2008). Distributed video analysis in social research. In Fielding, N., Lee, R. M., Blank, G. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of online research methods (pp. 343-362). London, England: SAGE. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ivankova, N., Kawamura, Y. (2010). Emerging trends in the utilization of integration designs in the social, behavioral and health sciences. In Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (2nd ed., pp. 581-611). London, England: SAGE. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Jahoda, M., Lazarsfeld, P., Zeisl, R. (1976). Marienthal: The sociography of an unemployed community. London, England: Tavistock. Google Scholar | |
|
Jung, J. -K. (2009). Computer-Aided Qualitative GIS: A software-level integration of qualitative research and GIS. In Cope, M., Elwood, S. (Eds.), Qualitative GIS: A new approach (pp. 115-135). London, England: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Kelle, U. (2001). Sociological explanations between micro and macro and the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 2. Retrieved from http://qualitative-research.net/fqs/fqs-eng.htm Google Scholar | |
|
King, A., Keohane, R., Verba, S. (1994). Designing social inquiry: Scientific inference in qualitative research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Knigge, L., Cope, M. (2006). Grounded visualization: Integrating the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data through grounded theory and visualization. Environment and Planning A, 38, 2021-2037. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Kwan, M. -P. (2002). Is GIS for women? Reflections on the critical discourse in the 1990s. Gender, Place and Culture, 9, 271-279. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Maxwell, J. A. (2010). Using numbers in qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 475-482. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Mertens, D. M. (2010). Transformative mixed methods research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 469-474. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Niaz, M. (2008). A rationale for mixed methods (integrative) research programmes in education. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 42, 61-68. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Nightingale, A. (2003). A feminist in the forest: Situated knowledges and mixing methods in natural resource management. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 2. Retrieved from www.acme-journal.org Google Scholar | |
|
Plano Clark, V. L. (2010). The adoption and practice of mixed methods: U.S. trends in federally funded health-related research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16, 428-440. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Plano Clark, V. L., Huddleston-Casas, C. A., Churchill, S. L., Green, D. O. N., Garrett, A. L. (2008). Mixed methods approaches in family science research. Journal of Family Issues, 29, 1543-1566. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Sandelowski, M., Voils, C. I., Knafl, G. (2009). On quantitizing. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3, 208-222. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Shih, F. -J. (1998). Triangulation in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 631-641. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2005). The Sage handbook of mixed methods in the behavioral and social sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Webb, E. J., Campbell, D. T., Schwartz, R. D., Sechrest, L. (1966). Unobtrusive measures: Nonreactive research in the social sciences. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally. Google Scholar |

