Abstract
This convergent parallel design mixed methods case study of four community colleges explores the relationship between organizational capacity and implementation of data-driven decision making (DDDM). The article also illustrates purposive sampling using replication logic for cross-case analysis and the strengths and weaknesses of quantitizing qualitative data in a mixed methods design. The findings suggest that community colleges’ organizational capacity for data-driven decision making is a function of human and social capital, but not physical capital. Methodologically, the data analyses suggest that researchers considering quantitizing qualitative data should consider an exploratory sequential design to better understand the phenomenon under study before reducing qualitative data to numbers.
|
Abbott, D. V. (2008). A functionality framework for educational organizations: Achieving accountability at scale. In Mandinach, E. B., Honey, M. (Eds.), Data-driven school improvement: Linking data and learning (pp. 257–276). New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Allen, L., Kazis, R. (2007). Building a culture of evidence in community colleges: Lessons from exemplary institutions. Boston, MA: Jobs for the Future. Google Scholar | |
|
Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Biswas, R. R. (2006). A supporting role: How accreditors can help promote the success of community college students. Boston, MA: Jobs for the Future. Google Scholar | |
|
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In Richardson, J. E. (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Christ, T. W. (2009). Designing, teaching, and evaluating two complementary mixed methods research courses. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(4), 292–325. doi:10.1177/1558689809341796 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Christ, T. W. (2010). Teaching mixed methods and action research: Pedagogical, practical, and evaluative considerations. In Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (2nd ed., pp. 643–676). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Coburn, C. E., Bueschel, A. C. (Eds.). (2012). The practice of data use [Special issue]. American Journal of Education, 118(2). doi:10.1086/663313 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Coburn, C. E., Turner, E. O. (Eds.). (2011). Research on data use [Special issue]. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research & Perspective, 9(4). doi:10.1080/15366367.2011.626729 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. The American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Collins, K. M. T. (2010). Advanced sampling designs in mixed research: Current practices and emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences. In Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (2nd ed., pp. 353–377). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Datnow, A., Park, V., Wohlstetter, P. (2007). Achieving with data: How high-performing school systems use data to improve instruction for elementary students. Los Angeles: Center on Educational Governance, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California. Google Scholar | |
|
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M. (2009). Internet, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored-design method (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Google Scholar | |
|
Fink, A. (2013). How to conduct surveys: A step-by-step guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4), 1–33. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Freed, J. E., Klugman, M. R. (1997). Quality principles and practices in higher education: Different questions for different times. Westport, CT: Oryx Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Goodman, R. M., McLeroy, K. R., Steckler, A. B., Hoyle, R. H. (1993). Development of level of institutionalization scales for health promotion programs. Health Education & Behavior, 20(2), 161–178. doi:10.1177/109019819302000208 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Goodwin, N. R. (2003). Five kinds of capital: Useful concepts for sustainable development (Working Paper No. 03-07). Medford, MA: Tufts University. Retrieved from http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/working_papers/03-07sustainabledevelopment.PDF Google Scholar | |
|
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D. (2002). The essence of strategic leadership: Managing human and social capital. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9, 3-14. doi:10.1177/107179190200900101 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Hsieh, H. F., Shannon, S. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Huber, G. P. (1991). Organizational learning: The contributing processes and the literatures. Organization Science, 2(1), 88–115. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Huntington, R. B., Claggett, C. A. (1991, November). Increasing institutional research effectiveness and productivity: Findings from a national survey. Paper presented at the Northeast Association for Institutional Research, Cambridge, MA. Google Scholar | |
|
Jang, E. E., McDougall, D. E., Pollon, D., Herbert, M., Russell, P. (2008). Integrative mixed methods data analytic strategies in research on school success in challenging circumstances. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2(3), 221–247. doi:10.1177/1558689808315323 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Kerrigan, M. R., Slater, D. (2010). Collaborating to Create Change: How El Paso Community College Improved the Readiness of Its Incoming Students Through Achieving the Dream. New York: Columbia University, Teachers College, Community College Research Center. Google Scholar | |
|
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Mandinach, E. B., Honey, M. (Eds.). (2008). Data-driven school improvement. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol. 41). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Mertens, D. M. (2011). Publishing mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5(1), 3–6. doi:10.1177/1558689810390217 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Miles, M. B., Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Morest, V. S., Jenkins, D. (2007). Institutional research and the culture of evidence at community colleges (Culture of Evidence Series). New York, NY: Community College Research Center. Google Scholar | |
|
Mortimer, K. P., Sathre, C. O. (2010). The art and politics of academic governance: Relations among boards, presidents, and faculty. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar | |
|
Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). Reliability. In The content analysis guidebook (pp. 141–173). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Collins, K. M. T. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281–316. Google Scholar | |
|
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Dickinson, W. B. (2008). Mixed methods analysis and information visualization: Graphical display for effective communication of research results. The Qualitative Report, 13(2), 204–225. Google Scholar | |
|
Ordonez de Pablos, P. (2004). Measuring and reporting structural capital: Lessons from European learning firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5 (4) 629–647. doi:10.1108/14691930410567059 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Peterson, M. W., White, T. H. (1996). Faculty and administrator perceptions of their environment: Different views or different models of organization? In Finnegan, D. E., Webster, D., Gamson, Z. F. (Eds.), Faculty and faculty issues in colleges and universities (2nd ed., pp. 297–317). Boston, MA: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Petrides, L. A., McClelland, S. I., Nodine, T. R. (2004). Using external accountability mandates to create internal change. Planning for Higher Education, 33(1), 44–50. Google Scholar | |
|
Rosen, S. (1989). Human capital. In Eatwell, J., Newman, P., Milgate, M. (Eds.), Social economics: The new Palgrave (pp. 136–155). New York, NY: W. W. Norton. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rubin, H. J., Rubin, I. S. (2005). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rutschow, E. Z., Richburg-Hayes, L., Brock, T., Orr, G., Cerna, O., Cullinan, D., Kerrigan, M. R., Jenkins, D., Gooden, S., Martin, K. (2011). Turning the tide: Five years of Achieving the Dream in community colleges. New York: MDRC. Google Scholar | |
|
Ryan, G., Bernard, H. R. (2003). Techniques to identify themes. Field Methods, 15(1), 85–109. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Sandelowski, M., Volis, C. I., Knafl, G. (2009). On quantitizing. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3(3), 208–222. doi:10.1177/15586689093344210 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Sharp, J. L., Mobley, C., Hammond, C., Withington, C., Drew, S., Stringfield, S., Stipanovic, N. (2011). A mixed methods sampling methodology for a multisite case study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6(1), 34–54. doi:10.1177/1558689811417133 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Smart, J. C., Kuh, G. D., Tierney, W. G. (1997). The roles of institutional cultures and decision approaches in promoting organizational effectiveness in two-year colleges. Journal of Higher Education, 68(3), 256–281. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Teddlie, C., Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundations of mixed methods research: Integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches in the social and behavioral sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Teddlie, C., Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 77–100. doi:10/1177/2345678906292430 Google Scholar | Abstract | ISI | |
|
Tierney, W. G. (2008). The impact of culture on organizational decision making: Theory and practice in higher education. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, E. O., Coburn, C. E. (Eds.). (2012). Interventions to promote data use [Special issue]. Teachers College Record, 114(11). Google Scholar | |
|
Volkwein, J. (2009). The diversity of institutional research offices and tasks. Retrieved from http://www.okairp.org/archive/Volk1-Diversity%20of%20IR.ppt Google Scholar | |
|
What statistical analysis should I use? Statistical analyses using Stata. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2009, from UCLA: Academic Technology Services, Statistical Consulting Group website: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/whatstat/whatstat.htm Google Scholar | |
|
Yin, R. (2008). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Young, V. M. (2006). Teachers’ use of data: Loose coupling, agenda setting, and team norms. American Journal of Education, 112, 521–548. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |

