![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Deaf people, members of a complex global language minority, have been excluded from positions of power in the field of humanitarian aid and development assistance, as well as from playing a significant role in the conduct of research that affects their lives. Deaf people rarely lead or participate as researchers in studies about their own communities or about the assistance they receive. Transformative mixed methods research strategies focus on the development of culturally respectful relationships to enhance collaboration between members of dominant and marginalized communities in order to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the findings. In this article, the application of transformative mixed methods in the deaf community provides examples of how research reveals complex realities and how researchers employ mixed methods strategies to appropriately engage members of marginalized communities in the context of development assistance to support human rights.
References
Section:
|
American Association of Persons with Disabilities . (2013). What powers us. Retrieved from http://www.aapd.com/what-powers-us/disability-rights/ Google Scholar | |
|
Barnes, C. (2004). Reflections on doing emancipatory disability research. In Swain, J., French, S., Barnes, C., Thomas, C. (Eds.), Disabling barriers, enabling environments (2nd ed., pp. 47-53). London, England: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Barnes, C. (2012). The social model of disability: Valuable or irrelevant? In Watson, N. R., Thomas, C. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of disability studies (pp. 12-29). London, England: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Bowling, A. (1997). Research methods in health: Investigating health and health services. London, England: Open University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Chambers, R. (2002). Participatory workshops: A sourcebook of 21 sets of ideas and activities. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V. (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Davis, L. (1995). Enforcing normalcy: Disability, deafness, and the body. London, England: Verso. Google Scholar | |
|
Harris, A., Enfield, S. (2003). Disability, equality and human rights: A training manual for development and humanitarian organisations. Oxford, England: Oxfam GB. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Haualand, H., Allen, C. (2009). Deaf people and human rights. Helsinki, Finland: World Federation of the Deaf and Swedish National Association of the Deaf. Google Scholar | |
|
Hesse-Biber, S. (2011). The practice of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Kaplan, D. (n.d.). The definition of disability. Retrieved from http://www.accessiblesociety.org/topics/demographics-identity/dkaplanpaper.htm Google Scholar | |
|
Ladd, P. (2003). Understanding deaf culture: In search of deafhood. Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lane, H. (2005). Ethnicity, ethics, and the deaf-world. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 10, 291-310. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lee, K. (2009). The importance of culture in evaluation: A practical guide for evaluators. Denver: Colorado Trust. Google Scholar | |
|
Lord, J., Guernsey, K., Balfe, J., Kerr, V., Flowers, N. (2007). Human Rights Yes! Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Human Rights Resource Center. Google Scholar | |
|
Lord, J., Stein, M. (2009). Monitoring the convention on the rights of persons with disabilities: Innovations, lost opportunities, and future potential (Paper 1101). William and Mary Law School Scholarship Repository (Faculty Publications). Retrieved from http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/facpubs/1101 Google Scholar | |
|
McKee, M., Thew, D., Starr, M., Kushalnagar, P., Graybill, P., Reid, J., . . . Pearson, T. (2012). Engaging the deaf American sign language community: Lessons from a community based resource center. Progress in Community Health Partnerships, 6, 321-329. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Mertens, D. (2007). Transformative paradigm: Mixed methods and social justice. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3), 212-225. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Mertens, D. (2009). Transformative research and evaluation. New York, NY: Guilford. Google Scholar | |
|
Mertens, D. (2013). Emerging advances in mixed methods addressing social justice. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 7(3), 215-218. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Mertens, D., Wilson, A. (2012). Program evaluation theory and practice: A comprehensive approach. New York, NY: Guilford. Google Scholar | |
|
Metts, R. (2000, February). Disability issues, trends and recommendations for the World Bank (Social Protection Working Paper No. 0007). Washington, DC: World Bank. Google Scholar | |
|
Miles, M. (2002). Some influences of religion on attitudes toward disabilities and people with disabilities. Journal of Religion, Disability, & Health, 6, 117-129. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Miles, M. (2007). Disability and deafness, in the context of religion, spirituality, belief and morality, in Middle Eastern, South Asian and East Asian histories and cultures: Annotated bibliography. Retrieved from http://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles200707.html Google Scholar | |
|
Mitra, S. (2005). Disability and social safety nets in developing countries (World Bank Other Operational Studies 11783). Washington, DC: World Bank. Google Scholar | |
|
Munyi, C. (2012). Past and present perceptions towards disability: A historical perspective. Disability Studies Quarterly, 32(2). Retrieved from http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/3197/3068 Google Scholar | |
|
National Council on Disability . (2013). Toward the full inclusion of people with disabilities: Examining the accessibility of overseas facilities and programs funded by the United States. Washington, DC: Author. Google Scholar | |
|
Oliver, M. (1992). Changing the social relations of research production. Disability, Handicap & Society, 7, 101-114. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Peters, S. (2003). Education for all: Including children with disabilities. Washington, DC: World Bank. Google Scholar | |
|
Sullivan, M. (2009). Philosophy, ethics, and the disability community. In Mertens, D., Ginsberg, P. (Eds.), The handbook of social research ethics (pp. 69-84). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
United Nations Economic and Social Council . (2008). Mainstreaming disability in the development agenda: Note by the Secretariat. In Follow up to the World Summit for Social Development and the 24th special session of the General Assembly: Emerging Issues. New York, NY: United Nations Commission for Social Development. Google Scholar | |
|
United Nations Enable . (2013). Development and human rights for all. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=23 Google Scholar | |
|
Wilson, A. (2005, Summer). The effectiveness of international development assistance from American organizations to deaf communities in Jamaica. American Annals of the Deaf, 150, 292-304. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Wilson, A., Kakiri, N.(2010). Best practice for collaborating with deaf communities in developing countries. In Napoli, D. J., Mathur, G. (Eds.), Around the deaf world in two days (It’s a small world): Sign languages, social issues/civil rights, creativity (pp. 271-286). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Wilson, A., Winiarczyk, R., Johnson, C. (2012). World of solutions innovations for persons with disabilities: Evaluation of Project Sueñaletras. Washington, DC: InterAmerican Development Bank. Google Scholar | |
|
World Federation of the Deaf . (2011). Deaf women and girls not able to enjoy basic human rights. Retrieved from http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRPD/DGD/2013_Submissions/20.WorldFederationDeaf.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
World Federation of the Deaf . (2013a). About us. Retrieved from http://wfdeaf.org Google Scholar | |
|
World Federation of the Deaf . (2013b). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/convention/conventionfull.shtml Google Scholar | |
|
World Health Organization . (2013, February). Deafness and hearing loss. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/index.html Google Scholar | |
|
World Health Organization & World Bank . (2011). World report on disability. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Google Scholar |
