Abstract
This study analyses the collaboration between principals within four Flemish school federations (voluntary collaborative networks between either primary or secondary schools). Interview data from principals were analysed using a micropolitical perspective. A central idea in micropolitical theory is that organization members’ actions (and sense-making) are largely driven by their interests. As such this perspective allows to understand how principals’ interests influence how collaborations within federations work out in practice. In three federations, we found an alignment of principals’ interests that stimulated a collaborative dynamic, which eventually contributed to improvement of the federation. Moreover, it also enhanced principals’ professional development. In the fourth case, however, such dynamics were absent due to a conflict of interests between the federation and one member school. Because one school felt the federation threatened its educational identity and mission, it almost completely withdrew from the federation. Thus, we conclude that principals’ balancing of interests plays an important role in the development of collaborative relationships and practices within school federations.
|
14 July 1998 – Decree regarding secondary education. B.S. 29/08/1998. Google Scholar | |
|
15 July 2005 – Decree regarding education XV. B.S. 16/09/2005. Google Scholar | |
|
Ackerman, RH, Maslin-Ostrowski, P (2004) The wounded leader. Educational Leadership 67 (1): 28–32. Google Scholar | |
|
Altrichter, H, Salzgeber, S (2000) Some elements of a micro-political theory of school development. In: Altrichter, H, Elliott, J (eds) Images Of Educational Change. Buckingham: Open University Press, 99–110. Google Scholar | |
|
Atkinson, M, Springate, I, Johnson, F. (2007) Inter-School Collaboration: A Literature Review. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research. Google Scholar | |
|
Ball, SJ (1994) Micropolitics of schools. In: Husen, T, Postlethwaite, TN (eds) The International Encyclopedia Of Education, 2nd edn. Oxford: Pergamon, 3821–3826. Google Scholar | |
|
Ball, SJ (1987) The Micro-Politics Of The School. Towards A Theory Of School Organization. London: Methuen. Google Scholar | |
|
Beatty, B (2000) The emotions of educational leadership: Breaking the silence. International Journal of Leadership in Education 3 (4): 331–357. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Berdrow, I (2010) King among kings: understanding the role and responsibilities of the department chair in higher education. Educational Management, Administration and Leadership 38 (4): 499–514. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Blackmore, J (2004) Leading as emotional management work in high risk times: the counterintuitive impulses of performativity and passion. School Leadership and Management 24 (4): 440–459. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Blase, J (ed) (1991) The Politics Of Life In Schools. Power, Conflict, And Cooperation. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Blase, J (1998) The micropolitics of educational change. In: Hargreaves, A, Lieberman, A, Fullan, M, Hopkins, D (eds) International Handbook Of Educational Change. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 544–557. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Blase, J, Anderson, GL (1995) The Micropolitics Of Educational Leadership: From Control To Empowerment. London: Cassell. Google Scholar | |
|
Blumer, H (2007) Symbolic interactionism. In: Calhoun, C, Gerteis, J, Moody, J, Pfaff, S, Virk, I (eds) Contemporary Sociological Theory, 2nd edn. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 67–87. (Original work published in 1969.) Google Scholar | |
|
Bryman, A (2008) Social Research Methods, 3th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Busher, H, Hodgkinson, K (1995) Managing interschool networks: across the primary/secondary divide. School Organization 15 (3): 329–340. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Chapman, C, Hadfield, M (2010) Realizing the potential of school-based networks. Educational Research 52 (3): 309–323. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Chapman, C, Geoff, L, Muijs, D, Harris, A, Arweck, E, Goodall, J (2010) Governance, leadership, and management in federations of schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 21 (1): 53–74. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Chapman, C, Salokangas, M (2005) Independent state-funded schools: some reflections on recent developments. School Leadership and Management 32 (5): 473–486. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Coburn, CE (2006) Framing the problem of reading instruction: using frame analysis to uncover the microprocesses of policy implementation. American Educational Research Journal 43 (3): 343–379. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Coleman, A (2012) The significance of trust in school-based collaborative leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education 15 (1): 79–106. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Dewulf, A (2005) Issue framing in multi-actor contexts. How people make sense of issues through negotiating meaning, enacting discourse and doing differences. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Leuven. Google Scholar | |
|
Geertz, C (1993) The Interpretation Of Cultures: Selected Essays. London: Fontana. Google Scholar | |
|
Greenfield, WD (1991) The micropolitics of leadership in an urban elementary school. In: Blase, J (ed.) The Politics Of Life In Schools. Power, Conflict, And Cooperation. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE, 161–184. Google Scholar | |
|
Greenfield, WD (1995) Toward a theory of school administration: the centrality of leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly 31 (1): 61–85. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hadfield, M, Chapman, C (2009) Leading School-Based Networks. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hargreaves, A (1994) Changing Teachers, Changing Times: Teacher's Work And Culture In The Postmodern Age. London: Cassell. Google Scholar | |
|
Howley, A, Andrianaivo, S, Perry, J (2005) The pain outweighs the gain: why teachers don’t want to become principals. Teachers College Record 107 (4): 757–782. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Hoyle, E (1982) Micro-politics of educational organizations. Educational Management and Administration 10 (2): 87–98. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Kelchtermans, G (ed) (2004) Stearing Education. Between Being Able And Wanting To, Being Allowed To And Having To. Leuven: Universitaire Pers. Google Scholar | |
|
Kelchtermans, G (2006) Teacher collaboration and collegiality as workplace conditions. A review. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik 52 (2): 220–237. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Kelchtermans, G (2007) Macropolitics caught up in micropolitics. The case of the policy on quality control in Flanders. Journal of Education Policy 22 (4): 471–491. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kelchtermans, G, Ballet, K (2002) The micropolitics of teacher induction: a narrative-biographical study on teacher socialization. Teaching and Teacher Education 18 (1): 105–120. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kelchtermans, G, Piot, L, Ballet, K (2011) The emotions of gatekeeping. Towards an understanding of the emotional and relational dimensions in principals’ work lives. Oxford Review of Education 37 (1): 93–108. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kvale, S (1996) Inter-views. An Introduction To Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Malen, B (1994) The micropolitics of education: mapping the multiple dimensions of power relations in school politics. Journal of Education Policy 9 (5): 147–167. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Merriam, SB (1998) Qualitative Research And Case Study Applications In Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Miles, MB, Huberman, AM (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis. An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
OECD (2003) Networks Of Innovation. Towards New Models For Managing Schools And Systems. Paris: OECD. Google Scholar | |
|
Patton, MQ (1987) How To Use Qualitative Methods In Evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Samier, EA, Schmidt, M (eds) (2009) Emotional Dimensions Of Educational Administration And Leadership. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Silverman, D (2001) Interpreting Qualitative Data. Methods For Analysing Talk, Texts, And Interaction. London: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Sliwka, A (2003) Networking for educational innovation: a comparative analysis. In: OECD (ed) Networks Of Innovation. Towards New Models For Managing Schools And Systems. Paris: OECD, 49–63. Google Scholar | |
|
Stake, RE (2000) Case studies. In: Denzin, NK, Lincoln, YS (eds) Handbook Of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 435–453. Google Scholar | |
|
Stoll, L (2000) School culture. Professional Development 3: 9–14. Google Scholar | |
|
Weick, KE (1995) Sensemaking In Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Willower, DJ (1991) Micropolitics and the sociology of school organizations. Education and Urban Society 23 (4): 442–454. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Willower, DJ, Stetter, MJ (1984, 4) School principals as threshold guardians: an exploratory study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans. Google Scholar | |
|
Wolcott, HF (1973) The Man In The Principal’s Office. An Ethnography. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Google Scholar | |
|
Yin, RK (1994) Case Study Research: Design And Methods, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar |

