![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyse how the access to structures of empowerment by teachers in primary and secondary education impacts on their trust of the headmaster of the school management board. Using the theoretical framework of empowerment and trust in the context of companies, one adapted the constructs of these scales to the reality of primary and secondary schools. A questionnaire was presented to 112 teachers in order to evaluate the impact of empowerment structures on their trust of the leader. The results obtained indicate that a context of empowering work is significantly predictive of trust in the school’s headmaster. The teaching staff who realize that they have access to empowerment structures (power, resources, opportunities, support and information) and feel that they can exercise some influence on the organization of their workplace are in a better position to trust the headmaster. The results are discussed and the contributions of the study to theory and to school administration are presented.
Keywords empowerment, leadership, secondary schools, trust
References
Section:
|
Almost, J, Laschinger, H (2002) Workplace empowerment, collaborative work relationships and job strain in nurse practitioners. Journal of American Academy Nurse Practitioner 14(9): 408–421. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Arbuckle, JL (2003) Amos 5.0 Update to the AMOS User’s Guide. Chicago, IL: Small Waters Corp. Google Scholar | |
|
Arbuckle, JL and Wothke? (1999) AMOS 4.0 User’s Guide. Chicago, IL: Small Waters Corp. Google Scholar | |
|
Bandura, A (1989) Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist 44(9): 1175–1184. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Becerra, M, Gupta, AK (2003) Perceived trustworthiness within the organization: the moderating impact of communication frequency on trustor and trustee effects. Organization Science 14(1): 32–44. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bentler, PM (1990) Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin 107(2): 238–246. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Beslin, R, Reddin, C (2004) How leaders can communicate to build trust. Ivey Business Journal Online G1. Google Scholar | |
|
Bishop, HL, Tinley, A, Berman, BT (1997) A contemporary leadership model to promote teacher leadership. Action in Teacher Education 19(3): 77–81. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Blau, PM (1964) Exchange and Power in social life. New York, NY: Wiley. Google Scholar | |
|
Boey, EK (2010) Teacher Empowerment in Secondary Schools: A Case Study in Malaysia. Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag. Google Scholar | |
|
Bottery, M (2003) The management and mismanagement of trust. Educational Management Administration and Leadership 31(3): 245–61. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Bottery, M (2004) The Challenges of Educational Leadership. London: Paul Chapman. Google Scholar | |
|
Bromiley P and St Cummings LL (1995) Transaction costs in organizations with trust. In: Bies, R, Sheppard, B, Lewicki, R (eds) Research on Negotiations in Organizations, vol. 5: 219–247. Greenwich, CT: IAI. Google Scholar | |
|
Bryk, A, Schneider, B (2002) Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement. New York, NY: SAGE Foundation. Google Scholar | |
|
Bryk, A, Sebring, P, Allensworth, E, Luppescu, S, Easton, J (2010) Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons From Chicago. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Butler, JK (1991) Toward understanding and measuring conditions of trust: evolution of a condition of trust inventory. Journal of Management 17(3): 643–663. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Byrne, BM (2001) Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS, Basisc Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Google Scholar | |
|
Caldwell, C, Hayes, L (2007) Leadership, trustworthiness, and the mediating lens. Journal of Management Development 26(3): 261–281. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cohen, SG, Bailey, DE (1997) What makes teams work: group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management 23(3): 239–290. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Colquitt, A, Scott, B, LePine, J (2007) Trust, trustworthiness, and trust propensity: a meta-analytic test of their unique relationships with risk taking and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 92(4): 909–927. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Cummings, LL, Bromiley, P (1996) The organizational trust inventory (OTI) – development and validation. In: Kramer, RM, Tyler, TR (eds) Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 302–330. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cunningham, W, Gresso, D (1993) Cultural Leadership: The Culture of Excellence in Education. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Google Scholar | |
|
Day, C (2009) Building and sustaining successful principalship in England: the importance of trust. Journal of Educational Administration 47(6): 719–30. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Dimmock, C, Walker, A (2005) Educational Leadership: Culture And Diversity. London: SAGE Publications. Google Scholar | |
|
Dirks, KT (1999) The effects of interpersonal trust on work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 84(3): 445–455. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Dirks, KT (2000) Trust in leadership and team performance: evidence from NCAA Basketball. Journal of Applied Psychology 85(6): 1004–1012. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Dirks, KT, Ferrin, DL (2001) The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science 12(4): 450–467. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Duke, DL, Gansneder, B (1990) Teacher empowerment: the view from the classroom. Educational Policy 4(2): 145–156. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Farris, G, Senner, E, Butterfield, D (1973) Trust, culture and organizational behaviour. Industrial Relations 12(2): 144–157. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Freire, C (2010) Trust in the team leader: operationalization of the construct in an R&D context. Management Research: The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 8(1): 25–38. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Gabarro, J (1978) The development of trust, influence, and expectations. In: Athos, AG, Gabarro, JJ (eds) Interpersonal Behavior: Communication and Understanding in Relationships. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 290–303. Google Scholar | |
|
Gibson, CH (1991) A concept analysis of empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing 16: 354–361. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Goyne, J, Padgett, D, Rowicki, MA, Triplitt, T (1999) The journey to teacher empowerment. ERIC Document Reproduction Service no. ED 434 384. Google Scholar | |
|
Hargreaves, D (2007) System Re-Design – 1: The Road to Transformation. London: SSAT. Google Scholar | |
|
Harris, A (2004) Distributed leadership: leading or misleading. Educational Management and Administration 32(1): 11–24. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Harris, A (2005) Leading or misleading: distributed leadership and school improvement. Journal of Curriculum Studies 37(3): 255–267. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Harris, A, Spillane, JP (2008) Distributed leadership through the looking glass. Management in Education 22(1):31–34. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Hart, KM, Capps, HR, Cangemi, JP, Caillouet, LM (1986) Exploring organizational trust and its multiple dimensions: a case study of General Motors. Organization Development Journal 4(2): 31–39. Google Scholar | |
|
Hooper, D, Coughlan, J, Mullen, MR (2008) Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 6(1): 53–60. Google Scholar | |
|
Howell, DC (1992) Statistical Methods for Psychology. Belmont: CA: Wadsworth. Google Scholar | |
|
Hoy, W, Tarter, CJ, Witkoskie, L (1992) Faculty trust in colleagues: linking the principal with school effectiveness. Journal of Research and Development in Education 26(1): 38–45. Google Scholar | |
|
Hoy, WK, Tschannen-Moran, M (2003) The conceptualization and measurement of faculty trust in schools: the omnibus T-scale. In: Hoy, WK, Miskel, CG (eds) Studies in Leading and Organizing Schools, Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, 181–208. Google Scholar | |
|
Hoyle, RH, Panter, AT (1995) Writing about structural equation models. In: Hoyle, RH (eds) Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications. Thousand Oaks: CA: SAGE Publications. Google Scholar | |
|
Johns, G (2006) The essential impact of context on organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review 31(2): 386–408. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Jöreskog, K, Sörbom, D (1993) LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International Inc. Google Scholar | |
|
Kanter, RM (1977) Men And Women of the Corporation. New York, NY: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Kanter, RM (1993) Men And Women of the Corporation, 2nd edn. New York, NY: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Klem, L (2002a) Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Klem, L (2002b) Structural equation modeling. In: Yarnold, L (eds) Reading and Understanding More Multivariate Statistics. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 227–260. Google Scholar | |
|
Laschinger, H (1996) A theoretical approach to studying work empowerment in nursing: a review of studies testing Kanter’s theory of structural power in organizations. Nursing Administration Quarterly 20(2): 25–41. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Laschinger, H, Finegan, J (2005) Using empowerment to build trust and respect in the workplace: a strategy for addressing the nursing shortage. Nursing Economics 23(1): 6–13. Google Scholar | Medline | ISI | |
|
Laschinger, H, Finegan, J, Shamian, J (2002) The impact of workplace empowerment, organizational trust on staff nurses' work satisfaction and organizational commitment. In: Advances in Health Care Management (Advances in Health Care Management, Volume 3). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 59–85. Google Scholar | |
|
Laschinger, HK, Havens, DS (1996) Staff nurse work empowerment and perceived control over nursing practice, work satisfaction and work effectiveness. Journal of Nursing Administration 26(9): 23–75. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Laschinger, HK, Finegan, J, Shamian, J (2001) Promoting nurses' health: effect of empowerment on job strain and work satisfaction. Nursing Economics 19(2): 42–52. Google Scholar | |
|
Laschinger, HK, Finegan, J, Shamian, J, Casier, S (2000) Organizational trust and empowerment in restructured healthcare settings: effects on staff nurse commitment. Journal of Nursing Administration 30(9): 413–425. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Louis, K, Marks, H, Kruse, S (1996) Teachers’ professional community in restructuring schools. American Educational Research Journal 21(33): 757–798. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Marks, H, Louis, K (1997) Does teacher empowerment affect the classroom? The implications of teacher empowerment for instructional practice and student academic performance. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 19(3): 245–275. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
McAllister, DJ (1995) Affect and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Academy of Management Journal 38(1): 24–59. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Mishra, AK (1996) Organizational responses to crisis: the centrality of trust. In: Kramer, R, Tyler, T (eds) Trust in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 261–87. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Morgan, RM, Hunt, SD (1994) The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing 58(3): 20–38. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Nunnally, J (1978) Psychometric Theory, 2nd edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar | |
|
O’Hara, K (2004) Trust … From Socrates To Spin. Cambridge: Icon Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Pounder, DG (1998) Restructuring Schools For Collaboration. Albany, NY: State University of New York. Google Scholar | |
|
Price, H (2012) Principal-teacher interations: how affective relationships shape principal and teacher attitudes. Educational Administration Quarterly 48(1): 39–85. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Ramsden, P, Prosser, M, Trigwell, K, Martin, E (2007) University teachers’ experiences of academic leadership and their approaches to teaching. Learning and Instruction 17(2): 140–155. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Richards, D (2011) Leadership for learning in higher education: the student perspective. Educational Management Administration & Leadership 40(1): 84–108. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Rodwell, CM (1996) An analysis of the concept of empowerment. Journal of Advanced Nursing 23: 305–313. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Rosen, B, Jerdee, TH (1977) Influence of subordinate characteristics on trust and use of participative decision strategies in a management simulation. Journal of Applied Psychology 62(5): 628–631. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sabiston, J, Laschinger, H (1995) Staff nurse work empowerment and perceived autonomy: testing Kanter’s theory of structural power in organizations. Journal of Nursing Administration 2(9): 42–50. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Scribner, J, Truell, A, Hager, D, Srichai, S (2001) An exploratory study of career and technical education teacher empowerment: implications for school leaders. Journal of Career and Technical Education 18(1): 54–56. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Seibert, SE, Wang, G, Courtright, SH (2011) Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology 96(5): 981–1003. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Short, PM (1998) Empowering leadership. Contemporary Education 69(2): 70–72. Google Scholar | |
|
Short, PM, Johnson, PE (1994) Exploring the links among teacher empowerment, leader power, and conflict. Education 114(4): 581–593. Google Scholar | |
|
Smith, JB, Barclay, DW (1997) The effects of organizational differences and trust on the effectiveness of selling partner relationships. Journal of Marketing 61(1): 3–21. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Spillane, JP, Halverson, R, Diamond, JB (2004) Towards a theory of leadership practice: a distributed perspective. Journal of Curriculum Studies 36(1): 3–34. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Spillane, JP, Halverson, R, Diamond, JB (2004) Towards a theory of leadership practice: a distributed perspective. Institute for Policy Research Working Paper, Northwestern University. Google Scholar | |
|
Sternberg, RJ (2005) A model of educational leadership: wisdom, intelligence, and creativity, synthesized. International Journal of Leadership in Education 8(4): 347–364. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Szulanski, G, Cappetta, R, Jensen, R (2005) When and how trustworthiness matters: knowledge transfer and the moderating effect of casual ambiguity. Organization Science 15(5): 600–613. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Thompson, B (2004) Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Google Scholar | |
|
Tschannen-Moran, M (2014) Trust Matters: Leadership for Successful Schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Tschannen-Moran, M, Hoy, W (1998) A conceptual and empirical analysis of trust in schools. Journal of Educational Administration 36(4): 334–352. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Tschannen-Moran, M, Hoy, WK (2000) A multidisciplinary analysis of the nature, meaning, and measurement of trust. Review of Educational Research 70(4): 547–93. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Tschannen-Moran, M (2001) Collaboration and the need for trust. Journal of Educational Administration 39(4): 308–31. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Vilkinas, T, Ladyshewsky, R (2011) Leadership behaviour and effectiveness of academic program directors in Australian universities. Educational Management Administration & Leadership 40(1): 109–126. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Walker, K, Kutsyuruba, B, Noonan, B (2011) The fragility of trust in the world of school principals. Journal of Educational Administration 49(5): 471–494. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Whitener, E, Brodt, S, Korsgaard, MA, Werner, J (1998) Managers as initiators of trust: an exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of Management Review 23(3): 513–530. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Widaman, KF, Thompson, ST (2003) On specifying the null model for incremental fit indices in structural equation modeling. Psychological Methods 8(1): 16–37. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Zand, DE (1972) Trust and managerial problem solving. Administrative Science Quarterly 17(2): 229–239. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |
