Abstract
This paper aims to provide an account of how school leaders in Kazakhstan learn about leadership and management, and what strategies are in place to support leadership development. The paper draws on empirical data collected over three years, derived mainly from interviews and focus groups with school leaders and teachers. The findings suggest that a hierarchical education system and strict policy regulations diminish the likelihood that the changes needed to encourage leadership practice by teachers will take place. The paper examines Kazakhstani school leaders’ learning opportunities, and focuses on the implications of borrowing leadership theories from the West. The key argument is that, if genuine change is to occur, these leaders will require time and space for critical reflection about what it is they need to learn and to do. The paper raises important issues about the conceptualisation of leadership learning and development in non-Western contexts.
|
Anderson, KH, Heyneman, SP (2005) Education and social policy in Central Asia: The next stage of the transition. Social Policy and Administration 39(4): 361–380. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Barber, M, Whelan, F, Clark, M (2010) Capturing the leadership premium. How the world’s top school systems are building leadership capacity for the future. Available at: http://mckinseyonsociety.com/downloads/reports/Education/schoolleadership_final.pdf (accessed 11 September 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Bolam, R (2003) Model of leadership development: learning from international experience and research. In: Brundrett, M, Burton, N, Simith, E (eds) Leadership in Education. London: SAGE. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bolam, R (2004) Reflection on the NCSL from a historical perspective. Educational Management, Administration and Leadership 32(3): 251–267. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Bridges, D (ed.) (2014) Education Reform and Internationalisation: The Case of School Reform in Kazakhstan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Brundrett, M, Crawford, M (2008) Developing School Leaders: An International Perspective. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Brundrett, M, Dering, A (2006) The rise of leadership development programmes: A global phenomenon and a complex web. School Leadership and Management 26(2): 89–92. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bubb, S, Earley, P (2009) Leading staff development for school improvement. School Leadership and Management 29(1): 23–37. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bush, T (2008) Leadership and Management Development in Education. London: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Bush, T (2010) Leadership development. In: Bush, T, Bell, L, Middlewood, D (eds) The Principles of Educational Leadership and Management. London: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Bush, T (2013) Preparing headteachers in England: Professional certification, not academic learning. Educational Management Administration and Leadership 41(4): 453–465. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bush, T, Jackson, D (2002) Preparation for school leadership: International perspectives. Educational Management and Administration 30(4): 417–428. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Chapman, DW, Weidman, J, Cohen, M, Mercer, M (2005) The search for quality: A five country study of national strategies to improve educational quality in Central Asia. International Journal of Educational Development 25: 514–530. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Charmaz, K (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis (Introducing Qualitative Methods Series). London: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
CIE (Cambridge International Examinations) (2013) Working with ministries of education and national examination boards. Cambridge. Google Scholar | |
|
CoE (Centre of Excellence) (2012) In-service Programme for Pedagogic Staff of the Republic of Kazakhstan. First (Advanced) Level. 2nd edn. Tri-lingual publication in Kazakh/Russian/English. AEO Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools, Astana. Google Scholar | |
|
DeYoung, A, Nadirbekyzy, B (1997) Redefining schooling and communism in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. In: McClure, M, Lindle, JC (eds) Expertise versus responsiveness in children’s worlds: Politics in school, home and community relationships. Washington, DC: Falmer Press, pp.71–78. Google Scholar | |
|
Dimmock, C (2000) Designing the Learning-centred School: A Cross-cultural Perspective. London; New York: Falmer Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Eraut, M (2000) Non-formal learning and tacit knowledge in professional work. British Journal of Educational Psychology 70(1): 113–136. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Frost, D, Fimyar, O, Yakavets, N, Bilyalov, D (2014) The role of the school director in education reform in KazakhstanIn: Bridges, D (ed.) Educational Reform and Internationalisation: The Case of School Reform in Kazakhstan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.217–238. Google Scholar | |
|
Glatter, R (1991) Developing educational leaders: an international perspective. In: Ribbins, P, Glatter, R, Simkins, T, Warson, L (eds) Developing Educational Leaders – International Intervention Programme 1990. Glasgow: Longman. Google Scholar | |
|
Goleman, D (2002) The New Leaders: Transforming the Art of Leadership into the Science of Results. London: Little Brown. Google Scholar | |
|
Hallinger, P (2003) The emergence of school leadership development in an era of globalisation: 1980-2002. In: Hallinger, P (ed.) Reshaping the Landscape of School Leadership Development: A Global Perspective. Netherlands: Swets & Zaitlinger, pp.3–32. Google Scholar | |
|
Hofstede, G (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE Publications. Google Scholar | |
|
Huber, SG (2004) Preparing School Leaders for the 21st Century. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Huber, SG (2013) Multiple learning approaches in the professional development of school leaders – Theoretical perspectives and empirical findings in self-assessment and feedback. Educational Management Administration & Leadership 41(4): 527–540. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Kotter, JP (1996) Leading Change. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Lumby, J, Walker, A, Bryant, M, Bush, T, Björk, LG (2009) Research on leadership preparation in a global context - chapter edited by J Lumby and M Bryant. In: Young, MD, Crow, GM, Murphy, J, Ogawa, RT (eds) Handbook of Research on the Education of School Leaders. New York: Routledge, pp.157–194. Google Scholar | |
|
Mango, CS (2013) Comparative Perspectives on International School Leadership. Policy, Preparation, and Practice. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
MoES (Ministry of Education and Science) (2010) State Programme of Education Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011–2020. Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan no.1118, 7 December 2010. Astana: MoES. Google Scholar | |
|
MoES (2012) Order of the Minister of Education and Science on approval of the Rules for competitive substitution of heads of state institution of secondary education No. 57, 21 February 2012. Available at: http://www.edu.gov.kz/ru/documents/prikaz-ministra-obrazovaniya-i-nauki-respubliki-kazahstan-ot-21-fevralya-2012-goda-no-57 (accessed 5 November 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
OECD (2014) Reviews of national policies for education. Secondary education in Kazakhstan. OECD Publishing. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264205208-en (accessed 23 July 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Pegg, AE (2007) Learning for school leadership: Using concept mapping to explore learning from everyday experience. International Journals of Leadership in Education 10(3): 265–282. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rhodes, CP, Brundrett, M (2008) What makes my school a good training ground for leadership development? Management in Education 22(1): 21–27. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Rhodes, CP, Brundrett, M (2009) Leadership development and school improvement. Educational Review 61(4): 361–374. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Shamova, T (1992) The training of school principals. Experience and prospects. Russian Education and Society 34(8): 30–42. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sharimova, A (2014) School leadership. Pedagogical Dialogue 3(9): 22–29. Google Scholar | |
|
Silova, I (2011) Globalization on the Margins: Education and Postsocialist Transformations in Central Asia. Charlotte, NC: Information Age. Google Scholar | |
|
Silova, I, Steiner-Khamsi, G (2008) How NGOs React: Globalization and Education Reform in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Mongolia. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press. Google Scholar | |
|
The World Bank (2014) SABER country report: Kazakhstan school autonomy and accountability 2013. World Bank. Available at: http://saber.worldbank.org (accessed on July 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, F, Wilson, E, Ispussinova, S, Kassymbekov, Y, Sharimova, A, Balgynbayeva, B, Brownhill, S (2014) Centres of Excellence: Systemwide transformation of teaching practice. In: Bridges, D (ed.) Education Reform and Internationalisation: The Case of School Reform in Kazakhstan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.83–105. Google Scholar | |
|
Walker, A, Dimmock, C (2006) Preparing leaders, preparing learners: The Hong Kong experience. School Leadership and Management: Formerly School Organisation 26(2): 125–147. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Weindling, D (2004) Innovations in Headteacher Induction. Nottingham: National College for School Leadership. Google Scholar | |
|
Yakavets, N (2012) The recent history of educational reform in Kazakhstan. In: Internationalisation and Reform of Secondary Schooling in Kazakhstan. Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education. Report for internal circulation, pp.29–77. Google Scholar | |
|
Yakavets, N (2014) Reforming society through education for gifted children: The case of Kazakhstan. Research Papers in Education 29(5): 513–533. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Yakavets, N, Dzhadrina, M (2014) Education reform in Kazakhstan: Entering the world arena. In: Bridges, D (ed.) Education Reform and Internationalisation: The Case of School Reform in Kazakhstan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.28–52. Google Scholar | |
|
Yakavets, N, Frost, D, Khoroshash, A (2015) School leadership and capacity building in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Leadership in Education: Theory and Practice. Epub ahead of print 2015. DOI:10.1080/13603124.2015.1066869. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |

