Lavandula Essential Oils: A Current Review of Applications in Medicinal, Food, and Cosmetic Industries of Lavender
Abstract
The global essential oil market has been steadily increasing in size over the past few years, and is estimated to reach ca. $7.5 billion USD per annum by 2018. Lavenders (Lavandula; Lamiaceae) contribute significantly to this market, yielding ca. 1500 tons of essential oils which are primarily used in cosmetics, personal care products, and medicines. Recent literature indicates that these oils may also have applications in food preservation and pest control, among others. The medicinal and pharmaceutical properties of lavenders are chiefly due their essential oils, in particular the major essential oil constituents linalool and linalyl acetate, although certain activities have been attributed to the phenolic compounds. In addition, there is evidence that the major and minor essential oil constituents act synergistically to provide various biological effects. A substantial amount of current research focuses on evaluating the biological activities of lavender essential oils for potential use in traditional and complementary medicine, food systems, cosmetic and fragrance formulations, and insect control products. This review examines recent progress in these areas, and highlights the current and future implications for these economically and medicinally valuable plants.
References
1. Ziaee M., Khorrami A., Ebrahimi M., Nourafcan H., Amiraslanzadeh M., Rameshrad M., Garjani M., Garjani A. (2015) Cardioprotective effects of essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rat. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14, 279–289.
2. Lis-Balchin M. (2002) Lavender: The genus Lavandula. (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis Inc New York, NY.
3. Upson T., Andrews S. (2004) The genus Lavandula. (1st ed.). Timber Press, Inc., USA.
4. Mendoza-Poudereux I., Muñoz-Bertomeu J., Navarro A., Arrillaga I., Segura J. (2014) Enhanced levels of S-linalool by metabolic engineering of the terpenoid pathway in spike lavender leaves. Metabolic Engineering, 23, 136–144.
5. Muñoz-Bertomeu J., Arrillaga I., Ros R., Segura J. (2006) Up-regulation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase enhances production of essential oils in transgenic spike lavender. Plant Physiology, 142, 890–900.
6. Muñoz-Bertomeu J., Sales E., Ros R., Arrillaga I., Segura J. (2007) Up-regulation of an N-terminal truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase enhances production of essential oils and sterols in transgenic Lavandula latifolia. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 5, 746–775.
7. Technavio Insights. “Global Flavors and Fragrances Market” Factiva, 2014: 1–76. Web. 3 July 2015.
8. Lesage-Meessen L., Bou M., Sigoillot J.C., Faulds C.B., Lomascolo A. (2015) Essential oils and distilled straws of lavender and lavandin: A review of current use and potential application in white biotechnology. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99, 3375–3385.
9. RIRDC (2005) The Australian lavender industry – A review of oil production and related products, revised version, publication 02/052, 6-10.
10. Adam K.L. (2006) Lavender production, products, markets, and entertainment farms, ATTRA www.attra.ncat.org.
11. Kara N., Baydar H. (2013) Determination of lavender and lavandin cultivars (Lavandula sp.) containing high quality essential oil in Isparta, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 18, 58–65.
12. Munoz-Bertomeu J., Arrillaga I., Segura J. (2007) Essential oil variation within and among natural populations of Lavandula latifolia and its relation to their ecological areas. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 35, 479–488.
13. Bella S., Tuttolomondo T., Dugo G., Ruberto G., Leto C., Napoli E.M., Potortì A.G., Fede M.R., Virga G., Leone R., D'Anna E., Licata M. (2015) Composition and variability of the essential oil of the flowers of lavandula stoechas from various geographical sources. Natural Product Communications, 10, 2001–2004.
14. Lakušić B., Lakušić D., Ristić M., Marčetić M., Slavkovska V. (2014) Seasonal Variations in the Composition of the Essential Oils of Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiacae). Natural Product Communications, 9, 859–862.
15. Adal A.M., Demissie Z.A., Mahmoud S.S. (2015) Identification, validation and cross-species transferability of novel Lavandula EST-SSRs. Planta, 24, 987–1004.
16. Lafhal S., Vanloot P., Bombarda I., Kister J., Dupuy N. (2016) Chemometric analysis of French lavender and lavandin essential oils by near infrared spectroscopy. Industrial Crops and Products, 80, 156–164.
17. Śmigielski K.Z., Prusinowska R., Krosowiak K., Sikora M. (2013) Comparison of qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of hydrolate and essential oils of lavender (lavandula angustifolia). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 25, 291–299.
18. Danh L.T., Triet N.D.A., Han L.T.N., Zhao J., Mammucari R., Foster N. (2012) Antioxidant activity, yield and chemical composition of lavender essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 70, 27–34.
19. Ghoreishi S.M., Kamali H., Ghaziaskar H.S., Dadkhah A.A. (2012) Optimization of Supercritical extraction of linalyl acetate from lavender via box-behnken design. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 35, 1641–1648.
20. Kamali H., Aminimoghadamfarouj N., Golmakani E., Nematollahi A. (2014) The optimization of essential oils supercritical CO2 extraction from lavandula hybrida through static-dynamic steps procedure and semi-continuous technique using response surface method. Pharmacognosy Research, 7, 57–65.
21. Zheljazkov V.D., Astatkie T., Hristov A.N. (2012) Lavender and hyssop productivity, oil content, and bioactivity as a function of harvest time and drying. Industrial Crops & Products, 36, 222–228.
22. Zheljazkov V.D., Cantrell C.L., Astatkie T., Jeliazkova E. (2013) Distillation time effect on lavender essential oil yield and composition. Journal of Oleo Science, 62, 195–199.
23. Benabdelkader T., Guitton Y., Pasquier B., Magnard J.L., Jullien F., Kameli A., Legendre L. (2014) Functional characterization of terpene synthases and chemotypic variation in three lavender species of section stoechas. Physiologia Plantarum, 153, 43–57.
24. Dadalioglu I., Evrendilek G.A. (2004) Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (laurus nobilis), spanish lavender (lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 8255–8260.
25. Herraiz-Peñalver D., Cases MÁ, Varela F., Navarrete P., Sánchez-Vioque R., Usano-Alemany J. (2013) Chemical characterization of lavandula latifolia medik. essential oil from spanish wild populations. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 46, 59–68.
26. Matos F., Miguel M.G., Duarte J., Venâncio F., Moiteiro C., Correia A.I.D., Figueiredo A.C., Barroso J.G., Pedro L.G. (2009) Antioxidant capacity of the essential oils from lavandula luisieri, l. stoechas subsp. lusitanica, l. stoechas subsp. lusitanica x l. luisieri and l. viridis grown in algarve (portugal). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21, 327–336.
27. Spiridon I., Colceru S., Anghel N., Teaca C.A., Bodirlau R., Armatu A. (2011) Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of oregano (origanum vulgare), lavender (lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (melissa officinalis) from romania. Natural Product Research, 25, 1657–1661.
28. Renaud E.N.C., Charles D.J., Simon J.E. (2001) Essential oil quantity and composition from 10 cultivars of organically grown lavender and lavandin. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13, 269–273.
29. Salido S., Altarejos J., Nogueras M., Sánchez A., Luque P. (2004) Chemical composition and seasonal variations of spike lavender oil from southern spain. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16, 206–210.
30. Tuttolomondo T., Dugo G., Ruberto G., Leto C., Napoli E.M., Potortì A.G., Fede M.R., Virga G., Leone R., Anna E.D., Licata M., La Bella S. (2015) Agronomical evaluation of sicilian biotypes of lavandula stoechas l. spp. stoechas and analysis of the essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 27, 115–124.
31. Areias F.M., Valentão P., Andrade P., Moreira M.M., Amaral J., Seabra R.M. (2000) HPLC/DAD analysis of phenolic compounds from lavender and its application to quality control. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 23, 2563–2572.
32. Gallego M.G., Gordon M.H., Segovia F.J., Skowyra M., Almajano M.P. (2013) Antioxidant properties of three aromatic herbs (rosemary, thyme and lavender) in oil-in-water emulsions. Journal of the Americal Oil Chemists’ Society, 90, 1559–1568.
33. Tsai T.H., Tsai T.H., Chien Y.C., Lee C.W., Tsai P.J. (2008) In vitro antimicrobial activities against cariogenic streptococci and their antioxidant capacities: a comparative study of green tea versus different herbs. Food Chemistry, 110, 859–864.
34. Lane A., Boecklemann A., Woronuk G.N., Sarker L., Mahmoud S.S. (2010) A genomics resource for investigating regulation of essential oil production in lavandula angustifolia. Planta, 231, 835–845.
35. Fahn A. (1988) Secretory-tissues in vascular plants. New Phytologist, 108, 229–257.
36. Wang G. (2014) Recent progress in secondary metabolism of plant glandular trichomes. Plant Biotechnology, 31, 353–361.
37. Arigoni D., Sagner S., Latzel C., Eisenreich W., Bacher A., Zenk M.H. (1997) Terpenoid biosynthesis from 1-deoxy-D-xylulose in higher plants by intramolecular skeletal rearrangement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94, 10600–10605.
38. Bick J.A., Lange B.M. (2003) Metabolic cross talk between cytosolic and plastidial pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis: Unidirectional transport of intermediates across the chloroplast envelope membrane. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 415, 146–154.
39. Hemmerlin A., Harwood J.L., Bach T.J. (2012) A raison d'etre for two distinct pathways in the early steps of plant isoprenoid biosynthesis? Progress in Lipid Research, 51, 95–148.
40. Laule O., Furholz A., Chang H.S., Zhu T., Wang X., Heifetz P.B., Gruissem W., Lange M. (2003) Crosstalk between cytosolic and plastidial pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 6866–6871.
41. Chappell J. (1995a) The biochemistry and molecular-biology of isoprenoid metabolism. Plant Physiology, 107, 1–6.
42. Chappell J. (1995b) Biochemistry and molecular-biology of the isoprenoid biosynthetic-pathway in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 46, 521–547.
43. Liao P., Hemmerlin A., Bach T.J., Chye M.L. (2016) The potential of the mevalonate pathway for enhanced isoprenoid production. Biotechnology Advances, 34, 697–713.
44. McGarvey D.J., Croteau R. (1995) Terpenoid metabolism. Plant Cell, 7, 1015–1026.
45. Degenhardt J., Köllner T.G., Gershenzon J. (2009) Monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases and the origin of terpene skeletal diversity in plants. Phytochemistry, 70, 1621–1637.
46. Mahmoud S.S., Croteau R.B. (2001) Metabolic engineering of essential oil yield and composition in mint by altering expression of deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase and menthofuran synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 8915–8920.
47. Mahmoud S.S., Croteau R.B. (2002) Strategies for transgenic manipulation of monoterpene biosynthesis in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 7, 366–373.
48. Sarker L.S., Galata M., Demissie Z.A., Mahmoud S.S. (2012) Molecular cloning and functional characterization of borneol dehydrogenase from the glandular trichomes of lavandula x intermedia. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 528, 163–170.
49. Zaks A., Davidovich-Rikanati R., Bar E., Inbar M., Lewinsohn E. (2008) Biosynthesis of linalyl acetate and other terpenes in lemon mint (mentha aquatica var. citrata, lamiaceae) glandular trichomes. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 56, 233–244.
50. Sarker L.S. (2013) Cloning of lavandula essential oil biosynthetic genes (Master's thesis). Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0073585.
51. Djenane D., Yangüela J., Derriche F., Bouarab L., Roncales P. (2012) Olive tree leaf extract; in vitro tests on staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterditis and pseudomonas aeruginosa; application in turkey meat. Phytothérapie, 10, 10–18.
52. Hanamanthagouda M.S., Kakkalameli S.B., Naik P.M., Nagella P., Seetharamareddy H.R., Murthy H.N. (2010) Essential oils of Lavandula bipinnata and their antimicrobial activities. Food Chemistry, 118, 836–839.
53. Martucci J.F., Gende L.B., Neira L.M., Ruseckaite R.A. (2015) Oregano and lavender essential oils as antioxidant and antimicrobial additives of biogenic gelatin films. Industrial Crops and Products, 71, 205–213.
54. Varona S., Rodríguez-Rojo S., Martín Á, Cocero M.J., Serra A.T., Crespo T., Duarte C.M.M. (2013) Antimicrobial activity of lavandin essential oil formulations against three pathogenic food-borne bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products, 42, 243–250.
55. Ait-Ouazzou A., Cherrat L., Espina L., Lorán S., Rota C., Pagán R. (2011) The antimicrobial activity of hydrophobic essential oil constituents acting alone or in combined processes of food preservation. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 12, 320–329.
56. Yohalem D., Passey T. (2011) Amendment of soils with fresh and post-extraction lavender (lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (lavandulaxintermedia) reduce inoculum of verticillium dahliae and inhibit wilt in strawberry. Applied Soil Ecology, 49, 187–196.
57. Kadoglidou K., Lagopodi A., Karamanoli K., Vokou D., Bardas G.A., Menexes G., Constantinidou H.I.A. (2011) Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of essential oils and individual monoterpenoids on growth and sporulation of four soil-borne fungal isolates of Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium oxysporum, penicillium expansum, and Verticillium dahliae. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 130, 297–309.
58. Soylu E.M., Kurt S., Soylu S. (2010) In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato grey mould disease agent botrytis cinerea. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 143, 183–189.
59. Hadian J., Ghasemnezhad M., Ranjbar H., Frazane M., Ghorbanpour M. (2008) Antifungal potency of some essential oils in control of postharvest decay of strawberry caused by botrytis cinerea, rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 11, 553–562.
60. Lopez-Reyes J.G., Spadaro D., Gullino M.L., Garibaldi A. (2010) Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rot caused by fungi on four cultivars of apples in vivo. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25, 171–177.
61. Bender D.A., 2014. Packaging, active. In Oxford Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Retrieved June 14, 2015, from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191752391.001.0001/acref-9780191752391-e-8085?rskey=lZftZW&result=1
62. Tiwari K., Tudu B., Bandyopadhyay R., Chatterjee A. (2013) Identification of monofloral honey using voltammetric electronic tongue. Journal of Food Engineering, 117, 205–210.
63. Alvarez-Suarez J.M., Tulipani S., Díaz D., Estevez Y., Romandini S., Giampieri F., Damiani E., Astolfi P., Bompadre S., Battino M. (2010) Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of several monofloral cuban honeys and their correlation with color, polyphenol content and other chemical compounds. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 2490–2499.
64. Castro-Vázquez L., Leon-Ruiz V., Alañon M.E., Pérez-Coello M.S., González-Porto A.V. (2014) Floral origin markers for authenticating lavandin honey (lavandula angustifolia x latifolia). Discrimination from lavender honey (lavandula latifolia). Food Control, 37, 362–370.
65. Zhu G., Xiao Z., Zhou R., Feng N. (2015) Production of a transparent lavender flavour nanocapsule aqueous solution and pyrolysis characteristics of flavour nanocapsule. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52, 4607–4612.
66. Lusby P.E., Coombes A.L., Wilkinson J.M. (2006) A comparison of wound healing following treatment with lavandula x allardii honey or essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 20, 755–757.
67. Estevinho L.M., Vázquez-Tato M.J., Seijas J., Feás Sanchez X. (2013) Palynological, physicochemical, and microbiological attributes of organic lavender (Lavandula stoechas) honey from portugal. Acta Alimentaria, 42, 36–44.
68. Alzahrani H.A., Alsabehi R., Boukraâ L., Abdellah F., Bellik Y., Bakhotmah B.A. (2012) Antibacterial and antioxidant potency of floral honeys from different botanical and geographical origins. Molecules, 17, 10540–10549.
69. Gomes S., Dias L.G., Moreira L.L., Rodrigues P., Estevinho L. (2010) Physicochemical, microbiological and antimicrobial properties of commercial honeys from portugal. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 544–548.
70. Van Zwanenberg P., Millstone E. (2014) Taste and power: the flavouring industry and flavour additive regulation. Science as Culture, 24, 129–156.
71. Gouin S. (2004) Microencapsulation: Industrial apparaisal of existing technologies and trends. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 15, 330–347.
72. Rathore S., Desai P.M., Liew C.V., Chan L.W., Heng P.W.S. (2013) Microencapsulation of microbial cells. Journal of Food Engineering, 116, 369–381.
73. Xiao Z., Liu W., Zhu G., Zhou R., Niu Y. (2013) Production and characterization of multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating lavender oil by complex coacervation: microcapsules encapsualting lavender oil. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 29, 166–172.
74. Nikolić M., Jovanović K.K., Marković T., Marković D., Gligorijević N., Radulović S., Soković M. (2014) Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties of five Lamiaceae essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 61, 225–232.
75. Gómez-Estaca J., López de Lacey A., López-Caballero M.E., Gómez-Guillén M.C., Montero P. (2010) Biodegradable gelatin-chitosan films incorporated with essential oils as antimicrobial agents for fish preservation. Food Microbiology, 27, 889–896.
76. Tarek N., Hassan H.M., AbdelGhani S.M.M., Radwan I.A., Hammouda O., El-Gendy A.O. (2014) Comparative chemical and antimicrobial study of nine essential oils obtained from medicinal plants growing in egypt. Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3, 149–156.
77. Viuda-Martos M., Mohamady M.A., Fernández-López J., Abd ElRazik K.A., Omer E.A., Pérez-Alvarez J.A., Sendra E. (2011) In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essentials oils obtained from egyptian aromatic plants. Food Control, 22, 1715–1722.
78. Lu H., Li H., Lu H., Li X., Zhou A. (2010) Chemical composition of lavender essential oil and its antioxidant activity and inhibition against rhinitis-related bacteria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4, 309–313.
79. Kırmızıbekmez H., Demirci B., Yeşilada E., Başer K.H., Demirci F. (2009) Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in turkey. Natural Product Communications, 4, 1001–1006.
80. Herman A., Bochenek J., Herman A.P. (2013) Effect of cinnamon and lavender oils on FtsZ gene expression in the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 49, 481–484.
81. Warnke P.H., Becker S.T., Podschun R., Sivananthan S., Springer I.N., Russo P.A., Wiltfang J., Fickenscher H., Sherry E. (2009) The battle against multi-resistant strains: renaissance of antimicrobial essential oils as a promising force to fight hospital-acquired infections. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 37, 392–397.
82. De Rapper S., Kamatou G., Viljoen A., van Vuuren S. (2013) The in vitro antimicrobial activity of lavandula angustifolia essential oil in combination with other aroma-therapeutic oils. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–10.
83. Nedorostova L., Kloucek P., Urbanova K., Kokoska L., Smid J., Urban J., Valterova I., Stolcova M. (2011) Antibacterial effect of essential oil vapours against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 26, 403–407.
84. Giordani R., Regli P., Kaloustian J., Mikaïl C., Abou L., Portugal H. (2004) Antifungal effect of various essential oils against candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from thymus vulgaris. Phytotherapy Research, 18, 990–995.
85. Lavoine-Hanneguelle S., Casabianca H. (2004) New compounds from the essential oil and absolute of lavandula luisieri l. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16, 445–448.
86. Zuzarte M., Gonçalves M.J., Cavaleiro C., Cruz M.T., Benzarti A., Marongiu B., Maxia A., Piras A., Salgueiro L. (2013) Antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of Lavandula stoechas and Thymus herba-barona essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 97–103.
87. Williamson B., Tudzynski B., Tudzynski P., Van Kan J.A. (2007) Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease. Molecular Plant Pathology, 8, 561–580.
88. Soylu E.M., Soylu S., Kurt S. (2006) Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia, 161, 119–128.
89. Nahler G., Mollet A., Ebrary I., SpringerLink ebooks - Biomedical, and Life Sciences. (2013) Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine (3rd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Vienna.
90. Crozier A., Del Rio D., Clifford M.N. (2010) Bioavailability of dietary flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 31, 446–467.
91. Embuscado M. (2015) Spices and herbs: Natural sources of antioxidants – a mini review. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 811–819.
92. Miguel M.G. (2010a) Antioxidant activity of medicinal and aromatic plants. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 25, 291–312.
93. Dif M.M., Benyahia M., Toumi Benali F., Rahmani M., Bouazza S. (2017) Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of three algerian species of lavenders. Phytothérapie, 15, 367–372.
94. Usano-Alemany J., Panjai L. (2015) Effects of Increasing Doses of UV-B on Main Phenolic Acids Content, Antioxidant Activity and Estimated Biomass in Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia). Natural Product Communications, 10, 1269–1272.
95. Torras-Claveria L., Jauregui O., Bastida J., Codina C., Viladomat F. (2007) Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of lavandin (lavandula x intermedia emeric ex loiseleur) waste. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 8436–8443.
96. Blazeković B., Vladimir-Knezević S., Brantner A., Stefan M.B. (2010) Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Lavandula x intermedia emeric ex loisel. “Budrovka”: a comparative study with l. angustifolia mill. Molecules, 15, 5971–5987.
97. Méndez-Tovar I., Herrero B., Pérez-Magariño S., Pereira J.A., Asensio-S-Manzanera M.C. (2014) By-product of lavandula latifolia essential oil distillation as source of antioxidants. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23, 225–233.
98. Prusinowska R., Śmigielski K., Stobiecka A., Kunicka-Styczyńska A. (2015) Hydrolates from lavender (lavandula angustifolia) - their chemical composition as well as aromatic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Natural Product Research, 30, 386–393.
99. Baker J., Brown K., Rajendiran E., Yip A., DeCoffe D., Dai C., Molcan E., Chittick S.A., Ghosh S., Mahmoud S., Gibson D.L. (2012) Medicinal lavender modulates the enteric microbiota to protect against citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 303, G825–836.
100. Neves A., Rosa S., Gonçalves J., Rufino A., Judas F., Salgueiro L., Lopes M.C., Cavaleiro C., Mendes A.F. (2010) Screening of five essential oils for identification of potential inhibitors of IL-1-induced Nf-kappaB activation and NO production in human chondrocytes: characterization of the inhibitory activity of alpha-pinene. Planta Medica, 76, 303–308.
101. Darshan S., Doreswamy R. (2004) Patented anti-inflammatory plant drug development from traditional medicine. Phytotherapy Research, 18, 343–57.
102. Hajhashemi V., Ghannadi A., Sharif B. (2003) Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of lavandula angustifolia mill. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89, 67–71.
103. Peana A.T., D'Aquila P.S., Panin F., Serra G., Pippia P., Moretti M.D. (2002) Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 9, 721–726.
104. Sosa S., Altinier G., Politi M., Braca A., Morelli I., Della Loggia R. (2005) Extracts and constituents of lavandula multifida with topical anti-inflammatory activity. Phytomedicine, 12, 271–277.
105. Kim H.M., Cho S.H. (1999) Lavender oil inhibits immediate-type allergic reaction in mice and rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 51, 221–226.
106. Ueno-Iio T., Shibakura M., Yokota K., Aoe M., Hyoda T., Shinohata R., Kanehiro A., Tanimoto M., Kataoka M. (2014) Lavender essential oil inhalation suppresses allergic airway inflammation and mucous cell hyperplasia in a murine model of asthma. Life Sciences, 108, 109–115.
107. Miguel M.G. (2010b) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils: A short review. Molecules, 15, 9252–9287.
108. Huang M.Y., Liao M.H., Wang Y.K., Huang Y.S., Wen H.C. (2012) Effect of lavender essential oil on LPS-stimulated inflammation. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 40, 845–859.
109. Komeh-Nkrumah S.A., Nanjundaiah S.M., Rajaiah R., Yu H., Moudgil K.D. (2012) Topical dermal application of essential oils attenuates the severit of adjuvant arthritis in lewis rats. Phytotherapy Research, 26, 54–59.
110. Hajiali H., Summa M., Russo D., Armirotti A., Brunetti V., Bertorelli R., Athanassiou A., Mele E. (2016) Alginate-lavender nanofibers with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity to effectively promote burn healing. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 4, 1686–1695.
111. Georgiev Y.N., Paulsen B.S., Kiyohara H., Ciz M., Ognyanov M.H., Vasicek O., Rise F., Denev P.N., Yamada H., Lojek A., Kussovski V., Barsett H., Krastanov A.I., Yanakieva I.Z., Kratchanova M.G. (2017) The common lavender (Lanandula angustifolia Mill.) pectic polysaccharides modulate phagocytic leukocytes and intestinal peyer's patch cells. Carbohydrate Polymers, 174, 948–959.
112. Steflitsch W., Steflitsch M. (2008) Clinical aromatherapy. Journal of Men's Health, 5, 74–85.
113. Zhang Y., Wu Y., Chen T., Yao L., Liu J., Pan X., Hu Y., Zhao A., Xie G., Jia W. (2013) Assessing the metabolic effects of aromatherapy in human volunteers. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–9.
114. Barcan R. (2014) Aromatherapy oils: commodities, materials, essences. Cultural. Studies Review, 20, 141–171.
115. Buchbauer G., Jirovetz L., Jäger W., Dietrich H., Plank C. (1991) Aromatherapy: Evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitschrift für Naturforschu C, 46, 1067–1072.
116. Fismer K.L., Pilkington K. (2012) Lavender and sleep: A systematic review of the evidence. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 4, E436–E447.
117. Lytle J., Mwatha C., Davis K.K. (2014) Effect of lavender aromatherapy on vital signs and perceived quality of sleep in the intermediate care unit: A pilot study. American Journal of Critical Care: An Official Publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, 23, 24–29.
118. Keshavarz Afshar M., Behboodi Moghadam Z., Taghizadeh Z., Bekhradi R., Montazeri A., Mokhtari P. (2015) Lavender fragrance essential oil and the quality of sleep in postpartum women. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 17, 1–7.
119. Hanson L., Cagan A., Rinehimer K., Flottemesch T., Clairmont J., Sackett-Lundeen L., Haus E. (2013) Lavender essential oil improves sleep in residents of a memory care assisted living facility. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 9, P655–P656.
120. Hirokawa K., Nishimoto T., Taniguchi T. (2012) Effects of lavender aroma on sleep quality in healthy japanese students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 114, 111–122.
121. Field T., Field T., Cullen C., Largie S., Diego M., Schanberg S., Kuhn C. (2008) Lavender bath oil reduces stress and crying and enhances sleep in very young infants. Early Human Development, 84, 399–401.
122. Chien L.W., Cheng S.L., Liu C.F. (2012) The effect of lavender aromatherapy on autonomic nervous system in midlife women with insomnia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1–8.
123. Field T., Diego M., Hernandez-Reif M., Cisneros W., Feijo L., Vera Y., Gil K., Grina D., Claire He Q. (2005) Lavender fragrance cleansing gel effects on relaxation. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 115, 207–222.
124. Appleton J. (2012) Lavender oil for anxiety and depression: review of the literature on the safety and efficacy of lavender. Natural Medicine Journal, 4, n.p.
125. Bandelow B., Zohar J., Hollander E., Kasper S., Möller H.J., Allgulander C., Ayuso-Gutierrez- J., Baldwin D.S., Buenvicius R., Cassano G., Fineberg N., Gabriels L., Hindmarch I., Kaiya H., Klein D.F., Lader M., Lecrubier Y., Lépine J.P., Liebowitz M.R., Lopez-Ibor J.J., Marazziti D., Miguel E.C., Oh K.S., Preter M., Rupprecht R., Sato M., Starcevic V., Stein D.J., van Ameringen M., Vega J. (2008) World federation of societies of biological psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders - first revision. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 9, 248–312.
126. Takahashi M., Satou T., Ohashi M., Hayashi S., Sadamoto K., Koike K. (2011) Interspecies comparison of chemical composition and anxiolytic-like effects of lavender oils upon inhalation. Natural Product Communications, 6, 1769–1774.
127. Louis M., Kowalski S.D. (2002) Use of aromatherapy with hospice patients to decrease pain, anxiety, and depression and to promote an increased sense of well-being. The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care, 19, 381–386.
128. Lehrner J., Marwinski G., Lehr S., Johren P., Deecke L. (2005) Ambient odors of orange and lavender reduce anxiety and improve mood in a dental office. Physiology & Behavior, 86, 92–95.
129. Bradley B.F., Brown S.L., Chu S., Lea R.W. (2009) Effects of orally administered lavender essential oil on responses to anxiety-provoking film clips. Human Psychopharmacology, 24, 319–330.
130. Effati-Daryani F., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S., Mirghafourvand M., Taghizadeh M., Mohammadi A. (2015) Effect of Lavender Cream with or without Foot-bath on Anxiety, Stress and Depression in Pregnancy: a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 4, 63–73.
131. Grunebaum L.D., Murdock J., Castanedo-Tardan M.P., Baumann L.S. (2011) Effects of lavender olfactory input on cosmetic procedures. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 10, 89–93.
132. Toda M., Morimoto K. (2011) Evaluation of effects of lavender and peppermint aromatherapy using sensitive salivary endocrinological stress markers. Stress and Health, 27, 430–435.
133. Atsumi T., Tonosaki K. (2007) Smelling lavender and rosemary increases free radical scavenging activity and decreases cortisol level in saliva. Psychiatry Research, 150, 89–96.
134. Shiina Y., Funabashi N., Lee K., Toyoda T., Sekine T., Honjo S., Hasegawa R., Kawata T., Wakatsuki Y., Hayashi S., Murakami S., Koike K., Daimon M., Komuro I. (2008) Relaxation effects of lavender aromatherapy improve coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy men evaluated by transthoracic doppler echocardiography. International Journal of Cardiology, 129, 193–197.
135. Eguchi E., Funakubo N., Tomooka K., Ohira T., Ogino K., Tanigawa T. (2016) The effects of aroma foot massage on blood-pressure and anxiety in Japanese community-dwelling men and women: a crossover randomized controlled trial. PLOS One, 11, 1–13.
136. Kasper S., Gastpar M., Müller W.E., Volz H.P., Möller H.J., Dienel A., Schläfke S. (2010) Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of “subsyndromal” anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 25, 277–287.
137. Kasper S., Gastpar M., Müller W.E., Volz H.P., Möller H.J., Schläfke S., Dienel A. (2014) Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in generalized anxiety disorder–a randomized, double-blind comparison to placebo and paroxetine. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 17, 859–869.
138. Akhondzadeh S., Kashani L., Fotouhi A., Jarvandi S., Mobaseri M., Moin M., Khani M., Jamshidi A.H., Baghalian K., Taghizadeh M. (2003) Comparison of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. tincture and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized trial. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacolpgy & Biological Psychiatry, 27, 123–127.
139. López V., Nielsen B., Sola M., Ramírez M.J., Jäger A.K. (2017) Exploring pharmacological mechanisms of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil on central nervous system targets. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 1–8.
140. Gilani A.H., Aziz N., Khan M.A., Shaheen F., Jabeen Q., Siddiqui B.S., Herzig J.W. (2000) Ethnopharmacological evaluation of the anticonvulsant, sedative and antispasmodic activities of lavandula stoechas L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71, 161–167.
141. Shaw D., Annett J.M., Doherty B., Leslie J.C. (2007) Anxiolytic effects of lavender oil inhalation on open-field behaviour in rats. Phytomedicine, 14, 613–620.
142. Tsang H.W.H., Lo S.C.L., Chan C.C.H., Ho T.Y.C., Fung K.M.T., Chan A.H.L., Au D.W.H. (2013) Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of lavender oil in rats with experimentally induced anxiety. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 28, 168–173.
143. Shen J., Niijima A., Tanida M., Horii Y., Maeda K., Nagai K. (2005) Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic nerves, lipolysis and appetite in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 383, 188–193.
144. Tanida M., Niijima A., Shen J., Nakamura T., Nagai K. (2006) Olfactory stimulation with scent of lavender oil affects autonomic neurotransmission and blood pressure in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 398, 155–160.
145. Linck V.M., da Silva A.L., Figueiró M., Caramão E.B., Moreno P.R., Elisabetsky E. (2010) Effects of inhaled linalool in anxiety, social interaction and aggressive behavior in mice. Phytomedicine, 17, 679–683.
146. Komiya M., Sugiyama A., Tanabe K., Uchino T., Takeuchi T. (2009) Evaluation of the effect of topical application of lavender oil on autonomic nerve activity in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70, 764–769.
147. Ferguson C.E., Kleinman H.F., Browning J. (2013) Effect of lavender aromatherapy on acute-stressed horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 33, 67–69.
148. Graham L., Wells D.L., Hepper P.G. (2005) The influence of olfactory stimulation on the behavior of dogs housed in a rescue shelter. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 91, 143–153.
149. Hawken P.A., Fiol C., Blache D. (2012) Genetic differences in temperament determine whether lavender oil alleviates or exacerbates anxiety in sheep. Physiology & Behavior, 105, 1117–1123.
150. Kashani M.S., Tavirani M.R., Talaei S.A., Salami M. (2011) Aqueous extract of lavender (lavandula angustifolia) improves the spatial performance of a rat model of alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience Bulletin, 27, 99–106.
151. Zali H., Zamanian-Azodi M., Rezaei Tavirani M., Akbar-Zadeh Baghban A. (2015) Protein drug targets of lavandula angustifolia on treatment of rat Alzheimer's disease. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14, 291–302.
152. Hancianu M., Cioanca O., Mihasan M., Hritcu L. (2013) Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats. Phytomedicine, 20, 446–52.
153. Hritcu L., Cioanca O., Hancianu M. (2012) Effects of lavender oil inhalation on improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in laboratory rats. Phytomedicine, 19, 529–534.
154. Wang D., Yuan X., Liu T., Liu L., Hu Y., Wang Z., Zheng Q. (2012) Neuroprotective activity of lavender oil on transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Molecules, 17, 9803–9817.
155. Sakamoto R., Minoura K., Usui A., Ishizuka Y., Kanba S. (2005) Effectiveness of aroma on work efficiency: lavender aroma during recesses prevents deterioration of work performance. Chemical Senses, 30, 683–691.
156. Degel J., Koster E.P. (1999) Odors: Implicit Memory and Performance Effects. Chemical Senses, 24, 317–325.
157. Moss M., Cook J., Wesnes K., Duckett P. (2003) Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. International Journal of Neuroscience, 113, 15–38.
158. McCaffrey R., Thomas D.J., Kinzelman A.O. (2009) The effects of lavender and rosemary essential oils on test-taking anxiety among graduate nursing students. Holistic Nursing Practice, 23, 88–93.
159. Buckle J., Ryan K., Chin K.B. (2014) Clinical aromatherapy for pregnancy, labor and postpartum. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 29, 21-27. [160] Raisi Dehkordi Z, Hosseini Baharanchi FS, Bekhradi R. (2014) Effect of lavender inhalation on the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and the amount of menstrual bleeding: a randomized clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22, 212–219.
161. Marzouk T.M.F., El-Nemer A.M.R., Baraka H.N. (2013) The effect of aromatherapy abdominal massage on alleviating menstrual pain in nursing students: a prospective randomized cross-over study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–6.
162. Zahra A., Leila M.S. (2013) Lavender aromatherapy massages in reducing labor pain and duration of labor: A randomized controlled trial. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7, 426–430.
163. Raju J., Singh M. (2014) Effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing labour pain and duration of labour among primigravidas: A pilot study. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research), 4, 124–128.
164. Dhany A.L., Mitchell T., Foy C. (2012) Aromatherapy and massage intrapartum service impact on use of analgesia and anesthesia in women in labor: A retrospective case note analysis. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine, 18, 932–938.
165. Chang M.Y., Wang S.Y., Chen C.H. (2002) Effects of massage on pain and anxiety during labour: a randomized controlled trial in Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 38, 68–73.
166. Sheikhan F., Jahdi F., Khoei E.M., Shamsalizadeh N., Sheikhan M., Haghani H. (2012) Episiotomy pain relief: use of lavender oil essence in primiparous iranian women. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 18, 66–70.
167. Vakilian K., Atarha M., Bekhradi R., Chaman R. (2011) Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17, 50–53.
168. Olapour A., Behaeen K., Akhondzadeh R., Soltani F., Al Saldat Razavi F., Bekhradi R. (2013) The Effect of inhalation of aromatherapy blend containing lavender essential oil on cesarean postoperative pain. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 3, 203–207.
169. Bastard J., Tiran D. (2006) Aromatherapy and massage for antenatal anxiety: its effect on the fetus. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 12, 48–54.
170. Tillett J., Ames D. (2010) The uses of aromatherapy in women's health. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 24, 238–245.
171. Igarashi T. (2013) Physical and psychologic effects of aromatherapy inhalation on pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 19, 805–810.
172. Bagheri-Nesami M., Espahbodi F., Nikkhah A., Shorofi S.A., Charati J.Y. (2014) The effects of lavender aromatherapy on pain following needle insertion into a fistula in hemodialysis patients. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 20, 1–4.
173. Kim S., Kim H.J., Yeo J-S, Hong S-J, Lee J.M., Jeon Y. (2011) The effect of lavender oil on stress, bispectral index values, and needle insertion pain in volunteers. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine, 17, 823–826.
174. Kim J.T., Ren C.J., Fielding G.A., Pitti A., Kasumi T., Wajda M., Lebovits A., Bekker A. (2007) Treatment with lavender aromatherapy in the post-anesthesia care unit reduces opioid requirements of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obesity Surgery, 17, 920–925.
175. Soltani R., Soheilipour S., Hajhashemi V., Asghari G., Bagheri M., Molavi M. (2013) Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 77, 1579–1581.
176. Smith C.A., Collins C.T., Crowther C.A. (2011) Aromatherapy for pain management in labour. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1–29.
177. Cavanagh H.M., Wilkinson J.M. (2002) Biological effects of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16, 301–308.
178. Carvalho I.T., Estevinho B.N., Santos L. (2015) Application of microencapsulated essential oils in cosmetic and personal healthcare products - A review. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38, 109–119.
179. Herrera A.G. (2004) Microbiological analysis of cosmetics. Methods in Molecular Biology, 268, 293–295.
180. Amaral L.F., Camilo N.S., Pereda MDCV, Levy C.E., Moriel P., Mazzola P.G. (2011) Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of C-8 xylitol monoester as an alternative preservative for cosmetic products. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 33, 391–397.
181. Anderson F. (2008) Final amended report on the safety assessment of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, isopropylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, and benzylparaben as used in cosmetic products. International Journal of Toxicology, 27, 1–82.
182. Inan M., Kaya D., Albu M. (2013) The effect of lavender essential oils on collagen hydrolysate. Revista De Chimie-Bucharest-Original Edition, 64, 1037–1042.
183. Kunicka-Styczyńska A., Sikora M., Kalemba D. (2009) Antimicrobial activity of lavender, tea tree and lemon oils in cosmetic preservative systems. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107, 1903–1911.
184. Sterer N., Nuas S., Mizrahi B., Goldenberg C., Weiss E.I., Domb A., Davidi M.P. (2008) Oral malodor reduction by a palatal mucoadhesive tablet containing herbal formulation. Journal of Dentistry, 36, 535–539.
185. Kunicka-Styczyńska A., Sikora M., Kalemba D. (2011) Lavender, tea tree and lemon oils as antimicrobials in washing liquids and soft body balms. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 33, 53–61.
186. Muyima N.Y.O., Zulu G., Bhengu T., Popplewell D. (2002) The potential application of some novel essential oils as natural cosmetic preservatives in an aqueous cream formulation. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 258–266.
187. Rodrigues Teixeira C.S.N., Martins I.M.D., Mata V.L.G., Barreiro M.F.F., Rodrigues A.E. (2011) Characterization and evaluation of commercial fragrance microcapsules for textile application. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 103, 269–282.
188. Kunicka-Styczyńska A., Śmigielski K., Prusinowska R., Rajkowska K., Kuśmider B., Sikora M. (2015) Preservative activity of lavender hydrosols in moisturizing body gels. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 60, 27–32.
189. Sugiura M., Hayakawa R., Kato Y., Sugiura K., Hashimoto R. (2000) Results of patch testing with lavender oil in Japan. Contact Dermatitis, 43, 157–160.
190. Thomson K.F., Wilkinson S.M. (2000) Allergic contact dermatitis to plant extracts in patients with cosmetic dermatitis. British Journal of Dermatology, 142, 84–88.
191. Rastogi S.C., Heydorn S., Johansen J.D., Basketter D.A. (2001) Fragrance chemicals in domestic and occupational products. Contact Dermatitis, 45, 221–225.
192. Hagvall L., Berglund V., Bråred Christensson J. (2015) Air-oxidized linalyl acetate - an emerging fragrance allergen? Contact Dermatitis, 72, 216–223.
193. Sköld M., Hagvall L., Karlberg A.T. (2008) Autoxidation of linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil, creates potent contact allergens. Contact Dermatitis, 58, 9–14.
194. Rojht H., Košir I.J., Trdan S. (2012) Chemical analysis of three herbal extracts and observation of their activity against adults of acanthoscelides obtectus and leptinotarsa decemlineata using a video tracking system. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection, 119, 59–67.
195. Papachristos D.P., Stamopoulos D.C. (2004) Fumigant toxicity of three essential oils on the eggs of acanthoscelides obtectus (say) (coleoptera: bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40, 517–525.
196. Papachristos D.P., Stamopoulos D.C. (2009) Sublethal effects of three essential oils on the development, longevity and fecundity of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 2, 91–99.
197. Papachristos D.P., Stamopoulos D.C. (2003) Selection of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) for resistance to lavender essential oil vapour. Journal of Stored Products Research, 39, 433–441.
198. Papachristos D.P., Karamanoli K.I., Stamopoulos D.C., Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U. (2004) The relationship between the chemical composition of three essential oils and their insecticidal activity against Acanthoscelides obtectus (say). Pest Management Science, 60, 514–520.
199. Bohinc T., Vayias B., Bartol T., Trdan S. (2013) Assessment of insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth and powders of common lavender and field horsetail against bean weevil adults. Neotropical Entomology, 42, 642–648.
200. Sajfrtova M., Sovova H., Karban J., Rochova K., Pavela R., Barnet M. (2013) Effect of separation method on chemical composition and insecticidal activity of lamiaceae isolates. Industrial Crops and Products, 47, 69–77.
201. Sinthusiri J., Soonwera M. (2013) Efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticides against the housefly, musca domestica l. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine Public Health, 44, 188–196.
202. Canale A., Benelli G., Conti B., Lenzi G., Flamini G., Francini A., Cioni P.L. (2013) Ingestion toxicity of three lamiaceae essential oils incorporated in protein baits against the olive fruit fly, bactrocera oleae (rossi) (diptera tephritidae). Natural Product Research, 27, 2091–2099.
203. Khater H.F., Ramadan M.Y., Mageid A.D. (2013) In vitro control of the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator, with doramectin, lavender, camphor, and onion oils. Parasitology Research, 112, 2503–2510.
204. Pridgeon J.W., Pereira R.M., Becnel J.J., Allan S.A., Clark G.G., Linthicum K.J. (2008) Susceptibility of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus say, and anopheles quadrimaculatus say to 19 pesticides with different modes of action. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45, 82–87.
205. Amer A., Mehlhorn H. (2006) Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitology Research, 99, 466–472.
206. Kulkarni R.R., Pawar P.V., Joseph M.P., Akulwad A.K., Sen A., Joshi S.P. (2013) Lavandula gibsoni and plectranthus mollis essential oils: chemical analysis and insect control activities against aedes aegypti, anopheles sfttephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. Journal of Pest Science, 86, 713–718.
207. de Oliveira F.Q., Malaquias J.B., de Souza Figueiredo W.R., de Luna Batista J., Beserra E.B., de Oliveira R. (2014) Insecticidal activity of bioproducts on ceratitis capitata wiedemann (diptera: Tephritidae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 13, 1430–1438.
208. Faraone N., Hillier N.K., Cutler G.C. (2015) Plant essential oils synergize and antagonize toxicity of different conventional insecticides against myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). PLOS One, 10, 1–12.
209. González-Coloma A., Martín-Benito D., Mohamed N., García-Vallejo M.C., Soria A.C. (2006) Antifeedant effects and chemical composition of essential oils from different populations of lavandula luisieri. L. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34, 609–616.
210. Pavela R. (2005) Insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Fitoterapia, 76, 691–696.
211. van Tol R.W., Swarts H.J., van der Linden A., Visser J. (2007) Repellence of the red bud borer resseliella oculiperda from grafted apple trees by impregnation of rubber budding strips with essential oils. Pest Management, Science, 63, 483–490.
212. Cook S.M., Jönsson M., Skellern M.P., Murray D.A., Anderson P., Powell W. (2007) Responses of phradis parasitoids to volatiles of lavender, lavandula angustifolia—a possible repellent for their host, meligethes aeneus. BioControl, 52, 591–598.
213. Mauchline A.L., Osborne J.L., Martin A.P., Poppy G.M., Powell W. (2005) The effects of non-host plant essential oil volatiles on the behaviour of the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus. Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 114, 181–188.
214. Jaenson T.G.T., Garboui S., Pålsson K. (2006) Repellency of oils of lemon eucalyptus, geranium, and lavender and the mosquito repellent MyggA natural to ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in the laboratory and field. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43, 731–736.
215. Koschier E.H., Sedy K.A. (2003) Labiate essential oils affecting host selection and acceptance of thrips tabaci lindeman. Crop Protection, 22, 929–934.
216. Sertkaya E., Kaya K., Soylu S. (2010) Acaricidal activities of the essential oils from several medicinal plants against the carmine spider mite (tetranychus cinnabarinus boisd.) (acarina: tetranychidae). Industrial Crops & Products, 31, 107–112.
217. Damiani N., Gende L.B., Bailac P., Marcangeli J.A., Eguaras M.J. (2009) Acaricidal and insecticidal activity of essential oils on varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) and apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae). Parasitology Research, 106, 145–152.
218. Cosimi S., Rossi E., Cioni P.L., Canale A. (2009) Bioactivity and qualitative analysis of some essential oils from mediterranean plants against stored-product pests: evaluation of repellency against sitophilus zeamais motschulsky, cryptolestes ferrugineus (stephens) and tenebrio molitor (L.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 45, 125–132.
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
OR
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Article first published online: October 1, 2018
Issue published: October 2018
Keywords
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Journals metrics
This article was published in Natural Product Communications.
VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICSArticle usage*
Total views and downloads: 7907
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 0
Crossref: 36
- Cytogenetics of Lavandula gibsonii, an endemic lavender from the Weste...
- Essential oil extraction from lavender using negative pressure cavitat...
- Botanical characterization and authentication of lavender essential oi...
- Influence of distillation time and distillation apparatus on the chemi...
- Identification of QTL controlling the ratio of linalool to linalyl ace...
- AVALIAÇÃO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE LAVANDULA HYBRIDA GROSSO ...
- Thermal Analysis and PM Emissions of Lavender Residue
- Innovative methods for extraction of essential oils from medicinal pla...
- ASPECTOS SENSORIAIS DE DESODORANTE PARA OS PÉS PRODUZIDO COM ÓLEOS ESS...
- Lavandula × intermedia—A Bastard Lavender or a Plant of Many Values? P...
- Lavandula x intermedia—A Bastard Lavender or a Plant of Many Values? P...
- Natural functionalisation of a traditional textile “Ehram”
- Multiplication of lavender ( L. angustifolia ...
- Chemophenetic and Chemodiversity Approaches: New Insights on Modern St...
- Lavandula angustifolia Mill. a model of aromatic and med...
- Lavender oil as eco-friendly alternative to protect wood against termi...
- The importance of Lavandula stoechas L. in pharmacognosy and phytother...
- Plant Biostimulants Increase the Agronomic Performance of Lavandin (La...
- Uçucu ve Sabit Yağlar: Kimyasal Yapı-Aktivite İlişki Değerlendirmesi
- In-Situ Comparative Study of Eucalyptus, Basil, Cloves, Thyme, Pine Tr...
- Exploitation of Marginal Hilly Land in Tuscany through the Cultivation...
- Anti-Salmonella and Antibiofilm Potency of Salvia officinalis L. Essen...
- Developing Eco-Friendly Skin Care Formulations with Microemulsions of ...
- Sustainable Packaging Material Based on PCL Nanofibers and Lavandula l...
- Challenges in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants DNA Barcoding—Lessons from...
- Nematicidal Activity of Essential Oil from Lavandin (Lavandula × inter...
- Effects of Biostimulants on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil ...
- Seasonal Variation in Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils Extracte...
- Phytochemicals from the genus Lavandula: a review
- Isoprenoid Metabolism and Engineering in Glandular Trichomes of Lamiac...
- The Use of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil as an Addit...
- Is it safe to consume traditional medicinal plants during pregnancy?
- Lavandula angustifolia ve L. intermedia Türlerinin Hasat Sonrası Kurum...
- Structure of the Chemical and Genetic Diversity of the True Lavender o...
- Yanıt Yüzey Metodolojisi Şartlarında Karabaş Otu Yağının Kompleks Koas...
- A New Eucalyptol-Rich Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oil: ...
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
View options
PDF/ePub
View PDF/ePubGet access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.
