Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published online July 19, 2010

Moral Transformation: Good and Evil Turn the Weak Into the Mighty

Abstract

Moral transformation is the hypothesis that doing good or evil increases agency—the capacity for self-control, tenacity, and personal strength. Three experiments provide support for this hypothesis, finding that those who do good or evil become physically more powerful. In Experiment 1, people hold a 5 lb. weight longer after donating to charity. In Experiment 2, people hold a weight longer when writing about themselves helping or harming another. In Experiment 3, people hold a hand grip longer after donating to charity. The transformative power of good and evil is not accounted for by affect. Moral transformation is explained as the embodiment of moral typecasting, the tendency to “typecast” good- and evildoers as more capable of agency and less sensitive to experience. Implications for power, aging, self-control, and recovery are discussed.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Bandura A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
Bargh J. A., Chen M., Burrows L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2):230–244.
Barsalou L. W. (1999). Perceptions of perceptual symbols. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(4):637–660.
Baumeister R. F., Bratslavsky E., Finkenauer C., Vohs K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4):323–370.
Bem D. J. (1967). Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review, 74(3):183–200.
Breese D. (2008, May 29). Son lifts car off father’s chest. Alaska Star, p. A1.
Brown S. L., Smith D. M., Schulz R., Kabeto M. U., Ubel P. A., Poulin M., Langa K. M. (2009). Caregiving behavior is associated with decreased mortality risk. Psychological Science, 20(4):488–494.
Dunn E., Aknin L. B., Norton M. I. (2008). Spending money on others promotes happiness. Science, 319(5870):1687–1688.
Fazio R. H., Effrein E. A., Falender V. (1981). Self-perceptions following social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41(2):232–242.
Galinsky A. D., Gruenfeld D. H., Magee J. C. (2003). From power to action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3):453–466.
Gray H. M., Gray K., Wegner D. M. (2007). Dimensions of mind perception. Science, 315(5812):619.
Gray K., Wegner D. M. (2009). Moral typecasting: Divergent perceptions of moral agents and moral patients. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(3):505–520.
Lammers J., Stoker J. I., Stapel D. A. (2009). Differentiating social and personal power: Opposite effects on stereotyping, but parallel effects on behavioral approach tendencies. Psychological Science, 20(12):1543–1549. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02479.x
Mischel W., Shoda Y., Rodriguez M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244(4907):933–938.
Monin B., Miller D. T. (2001). Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1):33–43.
Muraven M., Tice D. M., Baumeister R. F. (1998). Self-control as limited resource: Regulatory depletion patterns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3):774–789.
Rodin J., Langer E. J. (1977). Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(12):897–902.
Sachdeva S., Iliev R., Medin D. L. (2009). Sinning saints and saintly sinners: The paradox of moral self-regulation. Psychological Science, 20(4):523–528. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02326.x
Walster E., Walster G. W., Berscheid E. (1978). Equity Theory and Research. New York, NY: Allyn & Bacon.
Watson D., Clark L. A., Tellegen A. (1988). Development of validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6):1063–1070.
Williams L. E., Bargh J. A. (2008). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322(5901):606–607.
Zhong C.-B., Leonardelli G. J. (2008). Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold? Psychological Science, 19(9):838–842.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published online: July 19, 2010
Issue published: July 2010

Keywords

  1. agency
  2. ethics
  3. morality
  4. helping
  5. prosocial behavior
  6. mind perception
  7. person perception
  8. power
  9. self-control
  10. social roles

Rights and permissions

© The Author(s) 2010.
Request permissions for this article.

History

Issue published: July 2010
Published online: July 19, 2010

Authors

Affiliations

Kurt Gray
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Notes

Kurt Gray, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Biology/Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742 Email: [email protected]
Kurt Gray completed his PhD at Harvard University and is an Assistant Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park. He studies morality and mind perception, and their real-world implications.

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Social Psychological and Personality Science.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 801

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016

Altmetric

See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores


Articles citing this one

Web of Science: 27 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 24

  1. Your voice pitch speaks volumes about you: How voice pitch affects min...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. Seeing the mind of robots: Harm augments mind perception but benevolen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. Well-Being and Cooking Behavior: Using the Positive Emotion, Engagemen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Humanness Is Not Always Positive: Automatic Associations between Inciv...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. Prosocial spending and buying time: Money as a tool for increasing sub...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. Would I Really Make a Difference? Moral Typecasting Theory and its Imp...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Heroism Science: Frameworks for an Emerging Field
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. To Be Immortal, Do Good or Evil
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  9. Beneficial effects of pro-social behaviour on physical well-being in C...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Positive feelings reward and promote prosocial behavior
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. Heroic ecologies: embodied heroic leadership and sustainable futures
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Workplace Courage: Review, Synthesis, and Future Agenda for a Complex ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. The emotional consequences of donation opportunities
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. Prosocial behavior increases well-being and vitality even without cont...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. Perceiving the agency of harmful agents: A test of dehumanization vers...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  16. Prosocial Spending and Happiness...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. “To thine own self be true”: The effects of enactment and life storyte...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. Physical Pain and Guilty Pleasures
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  19. Giving Time Gives You Time
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  20. Two Minds Vs. Two Philosophies: Mind Perception Defines Morality and D...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. Mind Perception Is the Essence of Morality
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. The Moral Dyad: A Fundamental Template Unifying Moral Judgment
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. To escape blame, don't be a hero—Be a victim
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  24. Causes and consequences of mind perception
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:

ARP and EASP members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.


ARP and EASP members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.



Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub