Using videos from 63 teachers in grades 4–8 who were part of the Measures of Effective Teaching study, we identified five tendencies in the teaching of reading comprehension that can inform future work on the design and implementation of reading instruction. The five tendencies are: (1) Instruction is generally text-centric, but dominated by instructional vignettes; (2) Text talk is common, but is dominated by teacher-facilitated questioning; (3) Instruction is intentional and explicit, but at a cost; (4) Instruction is strategy-centric, but not necessarily strategic; and (5) Knowledge-building is underemphasized during classroom textual interactions. This study addresses the need for more current understanding of the state of instructional practices in reading comprehension.

Afflerbach, P., Cho, B. (2009). Identifying and describing constructively responsive comprehension strategies in new and traditional forms of reading. In Israel, S., Duffy, G. G. (Eds.), Handbook of research on reading comprehension (pp. 6990). New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P. D., Paris, S. G. (2008). Clarifying differences between reading skills and reading strategies. The Reading Teacher, 61, 364373.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Cobb, P., McClain, K., de Silva Lamberg, T., Dean, C. (2003). Situating teachers’ instructional practices in the institutional setting of the school and district. Educational Researcher, 32, 1324.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Collins, A., Brown, J. S., Newman, S. E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the craft of reading, writing and mathematics. In Resnick, L. (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 453493). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Google Scholar
Davis, D. S. (2013). Multiple comprehension strategies instruction in the intermediate grades: Three remarks about content and pedagogy in the intervention literature. Review of Education, 1, 194224. doi:10.1002/rev3.3005
Google Scholar | Crossref
Davis, D. S., Willson, A. (2015). Practices and commitments of test-centric literacy instruction: Lessons from a testing transition. Reading Research Quarterly, 50, 357–379. doi:10.1002/rrq.103
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Dewitz, P., Jones, J., Leahy, S. (2009). Comprehension strategy instruction in core reading programs. Reading Research Quarterly, 44, 102126.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Dole, J. A., Nokes, J. D., Drits, D. (2009). Cognitive strategy instruction. In Israel, S. E., Duffy, G. G. (Eds.), Handbook of research on reading comprehension (pp. 347372). New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Donaldson, R. S. (2011). What classroom observations reveal about primary grade reading comprehension instruction within high poverty schools participating in the Federal reading first initiative (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Google Scholar
Duke, N. K., Pearson, P. D., Strachan, S. L., Billman, A. K. (2011). Essential elements of fostering and teaching reading comprehension. In Samuels, S. J., Farstrup, A. E. (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (4th ed., pp. 5193). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Durkin, D. (19781979). What classroom observations reveal about reading comprehension instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 14, 481533.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Fountas, I. C., Pinnell, G. S. (2001). Guiding readers and writers: Teaching comprehension, genre, and content literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Google Scholar
García, G. E., Pearson, P. D., Taylor, B. M., Bauer, E. B., Stahl, K. A. (2011). Socio-constructivist and political views on teachers’ implementation of two types of reading comprehension approaches in low-income schools. Theory into Practice, 50, 149156.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Gavelek, J. R., Raphael, T. E. (1996). Changing talk about texts: New roles for teachers and students. Language Arts, 73, 182192.
Google Scholar
Gee, J. P. (2008). A sociocultural perspective on opportunity to learn. In Moss, P. A., Pullin, D. C., Gee, J. P., Haertel, E. H., Young, L. J. (Eds.), Assessment, equity, and opportunity to learn (pp. 76108). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Giroux, H. A. (1985). Critical pedagogy, cultural politics and the discourse of experience. Journal of Education, 167, 2241.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Jeong, J., Gaffney, J. S., Choi, J. O. (2010). Availability and use of informational texts in second-, third-, and fourth-grade classrooms. Research in the Teaching of English, 44, 435456.
Google Scholar | ISI
Jiménez, R. T., García, G. E., Pearson, P. D. (1995). Three children, two languages, and strategic reading: Case studies in bilingual/monolingual reading. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 6797.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Kane, T. J., Staiger, D. O. (2012a). Gathering feedback for teaching: Combining high-quality observations with student surveys and achievement gains: Policy and practice brief. Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from http://www.metproject.org/reports.php
Google Scholar
Kane, T. J., Staiger, D. O. (2012b). Gathering feedback for teaching: Combining high-quality observations with student surveys and achievement gains: Research paper. Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from http://www.metproject.org/reports.php
Google Scholar
Kiili, C., Mäkinen, M., Coiro, J. (2013). Rethinking academic literacies. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 57, 223232.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Kong, A., Pearson, P. D. (2003). The road to participation: The construction of a literacy practice in a learning community of linguistically diverse learners. Research in the Teaching of English, 38, 85124.
Google Scholar | ISI
Kucan, L., Palincsar, A. S. (2013). Comprehension instruction through text-based discussion. Newark, NJ: International Reading Association.
Google Scholar
Kucan, L., Palincsar, A. S., Busse, T., Heisey, N., Klingelhofer, R., Rimbey, M., Schutz, K. (2011). Applying the Grossman et al. theoretical framework: The case for reading. Teachers College Record, 113, 28972921.
Google Scholar | ISI
Langer, J. A. (2001). Beating the odds: Teaching middle and high school students to read and write well. American Educational Research Journal, 38, 837880.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Lave, J., Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Learned, J., Stockdill, D., Moje, E. B. (2011). Integrating reading strategies and knowledge building in adolescent literacy instruction. In Samuels, S. J., Farstrup, A. E. (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (4th ed., pp. 159185). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Lee, C. D., Spratley, A. (2010). Reading in the disciplines: The challenges of adolescent literacy. New York: Carnegie Corporation of New York.
Google Scholar
Maloch, B., Horsey, M. (2013). Living inquiry: Learning from and about informational texts in a second-grade classroom. The Reading Teacher, 66, 475485.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
McKeown, M. G., Beck, I. L., Blake, R. G. K. (2009). Rethinking reading comprehension instruction: A comparison of instruction for strategies and content approaches. Reading Research Quarterly, 44, 218252.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Meyer, B. J., Poon, L. W. (2001). Effects of structure strategy training and signaling on recall of text. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 141159.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Ness, M. (2011). Explicit reading comprehension instruction in elementary classrooms: Teacher use of reading comprehension strategies. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 25, 98117.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Nystrand, M. (2006). Research on the role of classroom discourse as it affects reading comprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 40, 392412.
Google Scholar | ISI
Palincsar, A. S., Schutz, K. M. (2011). Reconnecting strategy instruction with its theoretical roots. Theory into Practice, 50, 8592.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Porter, A., McMaken, J., Hwang, J., Yang, R. (2011). Common core standards: The new US intended curriculum. Educational Researcher, 40, 103116.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Pressley, M. (2008). What the future of reading research could be. In Block, C. C., Parris, S. R. (Eds.), Comprehension instruction: Research-based best practices (Vol. 2, pp. 391413). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Pressley, M., Wharton-McDonald, R., Mistretta-Hampston, J., Echevarria, M. (1998). Literacy instruction in 10 fourth- and fifth-grade classrooms in upstate New York. Scientific Studies of Reading, 2, 159194.
Google Scholar | Crossref
RAND Reading Study Group . (2002). Reading for understanding: Toward a research and development program in reading comprehension. Santa Monica, CA: Office of Educational Research and Improvement.
Google Scholar
Rowan, B., Camburn, E., Correnti, R. (2004). Using teacher logs to measure the enacted curriculum: A study of literacy teaching in third-grade classrooms. The Elementary School Journal, 105, 75101.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Ruddell, R., Unrau, N. (2004). Reading as a meaning-construction process: The reader, the text, and the teacher. In Unrau, N. J., Ruddell, R. B. (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (5th ed., pp. 14621523). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Google Scholar
Shanahan, T., Shanahan, C., Misischia, C. (2011). Analysis of expert readers in three disciplines: History, mathematics, and chemistry. Journal of Literacy Research, 43, 393429.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Stadtler, M., Bromme, R. (2013). Multiple document comprehension: An approach to public understanding of science. Cognition and Instruction, 31, 122129.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Sulzer, M. (2014). A critical discourse analysis of the Gates Foundation’s MET Project: Discursive representations of teaching and learning. In Dunston, P. J., Fullerton, S. K., Cole, M. W., Herro, D., Malloy, J. A., Wilder, P. M., Headley, K. N. (Eds.), 63rd yearbook of the literacy research association (pp. 141157). Altamonte Springs, FL: Literacy Research Association.
Google Scholar
Taylor, B. M., Pearson, P. D., Clark, K., Walpole, S. (2000). Lessons about primary-grade reading instruction in low-income schools. The Elementary School Journal, 101, 121165.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Taylor, B. M., Pearson, P. D., Peterson, D. S., Rodriguez, M. C. (2003). Reading growth in high-poverty classrooms: The influence of teacher practices that encourage cognitive engagement in literacy learning. The Elementary School Journal, 104, 328.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Wenger, E. (2010). Conceptual tools for CoPs as social learning systems: Boundaries, identity, trajectories, and participation. In Blackmore, C. (Ed.), Social learning systems and communities of practice (pp. 125143). London, England: Springer.
Google Scholar | Crossref
White, M., Rowan, B., Alter, G., Greene, C. (2014). User guide to Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database (MET LDB). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.
Google Scholar
Wilkinson, I. A. G., Son, E. H. (2011). A dialogic turn in research on learning and teaching to comprehend. In Kamil, M. L., Rosenthal, P. B., Pearson, P. D., Barr, R. (Eds.), Handbook of reading research: Volume IV (pp. 359387). New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Zeichner, K. (2010). Competition, economic rationalization, increased surveillance, and attacks on diversity: Neo-liberalism and the transformation of teacher education in the US. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 15441552.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

LRX-article-ppv for $36.00