Abstract
For several years, an emphasis on standardized testing in certain subjects has often resulted in competition for student time and scheduling choices that may not favor music classes. However, a great deal of literature exists to indicate that music students achieve more success than nonmusic students on a variety of academic measures. The purpose of this study was to conduct a statewide comparison of test scores for students involved in voluntary music classes or ensembles and students not involved in such activities. Scores from almost 7,000 students in the three grades tested by the state (5, 8, 11) were generated from a variety of districts throughout the state. Significantly higher scores were found for students involved in music compared with students not involved in music. It would seem music students did not have a disadvantage on the state test, despite the time they spent on musical activities.
|
Abeles, H. (2007, March). The effect of string instruction on students’ performance on state-mandated achievement tests in mathematics and language arts. Paper presented at the 50th MENC Eastern Division Biennial In-Service Conference, Hartford, CT. Google Scholar | |
|
Abril, C. R., Gault, B. (2006). The state of music in the elementary schools: The principal’s perspective. Journal of Research in Music Education, 54, 6–20. Google Scholar | Abstract | ISI | |
|
Abril, C. R., Gault, B. (2008). The state of music in secondary schools: The principal’s perspective. Journal of Research in Music Education, 56, 68–81. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Andrews, L. J. (1997). Effects of an integrated reading and music instructional approach on fifth-grade students reading achievement, reading attitude, music achievement, and music attitude (Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304370128?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Catterall, J., Chapleau, R., Iwanaga, J. (2000). Involvement in the arts and human development: General involvement and intensive involvement in music and theater arts. In MENC, the National Association for Music Education (Ed.), Music makes a difference: Music, brain development and learning (pp. 74–100). Reston, VA: MENC. Google Scholar | |
|
Cobb, T. A. (1997). A comparison of the academic achievement of students who have a musical background versus students who do not have a musical background (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Mississippi). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304367155?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Demorest, S. M., Morrison, S. J. (2000). Special focus: Music and the brain: Does music make you smarter? Music Educators Journal, 87(2), 33–38, 59. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Fitzpatrick, K. R. (2006). The effect of instrumental music participation and socioeconomic status on Ohio fourth-, sixth-, and ninth-grade proficiency test performance. Journal of Research in Music Education, 54, 73–84. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Gregory, A. S. (1988). The effects of a musical instructional technique on the mathematical achievement of third-grade students (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Alabama). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/303545751?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Hash, P. M. (2004). Literature review: Pullout lessons in instrumental music education. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 159, 1–10. Google Scholar | |
|
Helmrich, B. H. (2008). In concert: The relationship between middle school formal music instruction and adolescent algebra achievement (Doctoral dissertation, College of Notre Dame of Maryland). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304809270?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Higgins, W. (1972). A study of the effect of participation in a high school band on academic achievement and social adjustment. Journal of Band Research, 9, 12–16. Google Scholar | |
|
Johnson, C., Memmott, J. (2006). Examination of relationships between participation in school music programs of differing quality and standardized test results. Journal of Research in Music Education, 54, 293–307. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Kinney, D., Forsythe, J. (2005). The effects of the arts IMPACT curriculum upon student performance on the Ohio fourth-grade proficiency test. Bulletin of the Council of Research in Music Education, 163, 1–14. Google Scholar | |
|
Kvet, E. (1985). Excusing elementary school students from regular classroom activities for the study of instrumental music: The effect on sixth-grade reading, language, and mathematics achievement. Journal of Research in Music Education, 33, 45–54. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Miksza, P. (2007). Music participation and socioeconomic status as correlates of change: A longitudinal analysis of academic achievement. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 172, 41–58. Google Scholar | |
|
Miranda, J. Y. (2001). A study of the effect of school-sponsored, extra-curricular activities on high school students cumulative grade point average, SAT score, ACT score, and core curriculum subject grade point average. (Doctoral dissertation, University of North Texas). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304713568?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Neuharth, R. H. (2000). A comparison of achievement test scores of band and non-band students in a rural public school (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Dakota). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304644317?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Pennsylvania Department of Education . (2012). National school lunch program [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/national_school_lunch/7487 Google Scholar | |
|
Perry, R. (1993). Comparing two approaches to increasing academic achievement through providing structured parental support, one involving a beginning instrumental music program (Doctoral dssertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304064502?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Peters, E. B. (1973). A study of student attitudes relating to certain instructional and socio-economic factors in junior high school general music classes in eight Baltimore city public schools (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland College Park). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/302689762?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Schellenberg, E. G. (2006). Long-term positive associations between music lessons and IQ. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 457–468. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Schneider, T. W. (2000). The effects of music education on academic achievement (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Southern Mississippi). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304623962?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Shropshire, W. B. (2007). Differences in student academic achievement between students who participate in music programs and students who participate in athletic programs (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304723011?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Taetle, L. (1999). The relationship between fine arts participation and daily school attendance at the secondary level. Contributions to Music Education, 26, 50–67. Google Scholar | |
|
Trent, D. E. (1996). The impact of instrumental music education on academic achievement (Doctoral dissertation, East Texas State University). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304307275?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Underwood, E. B. (2000). An analysis of the achievement patterns of high school students who participate in instrumental music and those who do not participate in instrumental music (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304629435?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Wallick, M. D. (1998). A comparison study of the Ohio Proficiency Test results between fourth-grade string pullout students and those of matched ability. Journal of Research in Music Education, 46, 239–247. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Waterhouse, L. (2006). Inadequate evidence for multiple intelligences, Mozart effect, and emotional intelligence theories. Educational Psychologist, 41, 247–255. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Whitehead, B. J. (2001). The effect of music-intensive intervention on mathematics scores of middle and high school students (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/275659116?accountid=13158 Google Scholar | |
|
Zanutto, D. R. (1997). The effect of instrumental music instruction on academic achievement (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Davis). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304349649?accountid=13158 Google Scholar |

