![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of concurrent visual feedback on pitch-matching skill development in third-grade students. Participants played a computer game, SingingCoach, which scored the accuracy of their singing of the song “America.” They followed the contour of the melody on the screen as the computer displayed a line representing their real-time vocal response. Participants could adjust their singing based on the feedback and improve their score. Music teachers (n = 30) tested their students (N = 2,021) in the fall and spring semesters and reported their scores. A correlated samples t-test showed a significant difference between students’ pretest and posttest scores, with a mean increase of more than 10 percentage points. Computer programs that offer immediate, concurrent singing feedback may help young students experience musical growth over a relatively short period of time even, perhaps, when formal musical instruction time is limited.
References
Section:
|
Cooper, N. A. (1995). Children’s singing accuracy as a function of grade level, gender, and individual versus unison singing. Journal of Research in Music Education, 43, 222–231. doi:10.2307/3345637 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Franzblau, C. (2006). SingingCoach [Computer software]. Tampa Bay, FL: Carry-a-Tune Technologies. Google Scholar | |
|
Goetze, M. (1989). A comparison of the pitch accuracy of group and individual singing in young children. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 99, 57–73. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40318325 Google Scholar | |
|
Gordon, E. E. (1986). Primary measures of music audiation and the intermediate measures of music audiation. Chicago, IL: GIA. Google Scholar | |
|
Green, G. A. (1994). Unison versus individual singing and elementary students’ vocal pitch accuracy. Journal of Research in Music Education, 42, 105–114. doi:10.2307/3345495 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Guerrini, S. C. (2006). The developing singer: Comparing the singing accuracy of elementary students on three selected vocal tasks. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 167, 21–31. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40319287 Google Scholar | |
|
Hartmann, T., Klimmt, C. (2006). Gender and computer games: Exploring females’ dislikes. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 910–931. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00301.x Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hedden, D. G., Baker, V. A. (2010). Perceptual and acoustical analyses of second graders’ pitch-matching ability in singing a cappella or with piano accompaniment. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 184, 35–48. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27861481 Google Scholar | |
|
Kay, A. C. (2012). The Great American Singing Challenge: Grassroots movement to get America singing in tune. Kodály Envoy, 39(1), 23. Google Scholar | |
|
Liao, M. Y. (2008). The effects of gesture use on young children’s pitch accuracy for singing tonal patterns. International Journal of Music Education, 26, 197–211. doi:10.1177/0255761408092525 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Persellin, D. C. (1993). Influence of young children’s learning modalities on their pitch matching. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 76, 313–314. Google Scholar | Medline | ISI | |
|
Rutkowski, J. (1996). The effectiveness of individual/small-group singing activities on kindergartners’ use of singing voice and developmental music aptitude. Journal of Research in Music Education, 44, 353–368. doi:10.2307/3345447 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Rutkowski, J., Miller, M. S. (2002). A longitudinal study of elementary children’s acquisition of their singing voices. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 22, 1–10. doi:10.1177/87551233020220010401 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Welch, G. F., Himonides, E., Papageorgi, I., Saunders, J., Rinta, T., Stewart, C., . . .Hill, J. (2009). The national singing programme for primary schools in England: An initial baseline study. Music Education Research, 11, 1–22. doi:10.1080/14613800802699523 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Welch, G. F., Himonides, E., Saunders, J., Papageorgi, I., Rinta, T., Preti, C., . . .Hill, J. (2011). Researching the first year of the national singing programme Sing Up in England: An initial impact evaluation. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind & Brain, 21, 83–97. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Welch, G. F., Sergeant, D. C., White, P. J. (1997). Age, sex, and vocal task as factors in singing “in tune” during the first years of schooling. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 133, 153–160. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40318855 Google Scholar | |
|
Yarbrough, C., Green, G., Benson, W., Bowers, J. (1991). Inaccurate singers: An exploratory study of variables affecting pitch-matching. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 107, 23–34. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40318418 Google Scholar | |
|
Yarbrough, C., Morrison, S., Karrick, B., Dunn, D. (1995). The effect of male falsetto on the pitch-matching accuracy of uncertain boy singers, grades K–8. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 14, 4–10. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals |
