![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Previous studies have established that gender stereotypes are associated with children’s choice of musical instrument. Though some have suggested that these gender stereotypes may be trending toward change, other studies have indicated that gender stereotypes are long-standing and still very much at issue. This descriptive study of middle school band students (N = 99) examined instrument gender stereotypes using improved methods of measurement and found evidence that instrument gender stereotypes remain entrenched and pose a persisting problem facing music educators. Importantly, younger and more inexperienced band members may be more open to counterstereotypical views. Suggested changes in research methods and directions for future study are discussed, as are implications for music educators.
Keywords beginner band, children, gender, musical instrument selection, stereotypes
References
Section:
|
Abeles, H. (2009). Are musical instrument gender associations changing? Journal of Research in Music Education, 57, 127–139. doi:10.1177/0022429409335878 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Abeles, H., Porter, S. (1978). The sex-stereotyping of musical instruments. Journal of Research in Music Education, 26, 65–75. doi:10.2307/3344880 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
American Psychological Association . (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct: Including 2010 amendments. Washington, DC: Author. Google Scholar | |
|
Atterbury, B. W. (1992). Old prejudices, new perceptions. Music Educators Journal, 78(7), 25–27. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Bartleet, B. (2008). “You’re a woman and our orchestra just won’t have you”: The politics of otherness in the conducting profession. Hecate, 34(1), 6–23, 185. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/210933716?accountid=7113 Google Scholar | |
|
Bayley, J. G. (2004). The procedure by which teachers prepare students to choose a musical instrument. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 22(2), 23–34. doi:10.1177/87551233040220020104 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Braaksma, M. A. H., Rijlaarsdam, G., van den Bergh, H. (2002). Observational learning and the effects of model-observer similarity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 405–412. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.94.2.405 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Brophy, J. (1985). Interactions of male and female students with male and female teachers. In Wilkinson, L. C., Marrett, C. B. (Eds.), Gender influences in classroom interaction (pp. 115–142). New York, NY: Academic Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bruce, R., Kemp, A. (1993). Sex-stereotyping in children’s preferences for musical instruments. British Journal of Music Education, 10, 213–217. doi:10.1017/S0265051700001777 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Buttu, S. H. (2008). Perceptions of female students in a same-sex school: Gender stereotypes and musical instruments. Canadian Music Educator, 50(2), 30–33. Google Scholar | |
|
Conway, C. (2000). Gender and musical instrument choice: A phenomenological investigation. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 146, 1–15. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40319030 Google Scholar | |
|
Cramer, K. M., Million, E., Perreault, L. A. (2002). Perceptions of musicians: Gender stereotypes and social role theory. Psychology of Music, 30, 164–174. doi:10.1177/0305735602302003 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Delzell, J. K., Leppla, D. A. (1992). Gender association of musical instruments and preferences of fourth-grade students for selected instruments. Journal of Research in Music Education, 40, 93–103. doi:10.2307/3345559 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Elliot, C. A., Yoder-White, M. (1997). Masculine/feminine associations for instrumental timbres among children seven, eight, and nine years of age. Contributions to Music Education, 24(2), 30–39. Google Scholar | |
|
Eros, J. (2008). Instrument selection and gender stereotypes: A review of recent literature. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 27(1), 57–64. doi:10.1177/8755123308322379 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Fortney, P. M., Boyle, J. D., DeCarbo, N. J. (1993). A study of middle school band students’ instrument choices. Journal of Research in Music Education, 41, 28–39. doi:10.2307/3345477 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Graham, B. J. (2005). Relationships among instrument choice, instrument transfer, subject sex, and gender-stereotypes in instrumental music (Unpublished DME dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington. Google Scholar | |
|
Griswold, P. A., Chroback, D. A. (1981). Sex-role associations of music instruments and occupations by gender and major. Journal of Research in Music Education, 29, 57–62. doi:10.2307/3344680 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hallam, S., Rogers, L., Creech, A. (2008). Gender differences in musical instrument choice. International Journal of Music Education, 26, 7–19. doi:10.1177/0255761407085646 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Harrison, A. C., O’Neill, S. A. (2000). Children’s gender-typed preferences for musical instruments: An intervention study. Psychology of Music, 28, 81–97. doi:10.1177/0305735600281006 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Harrison, A. C., O’Neill, S. A. (2003). Preferences and children’s use of gender-stereotyped knowledge about musical instruments: Making judgments about other children’s preferences. Sex Roles, 49, 389–400. doi:10.1023/A:1025168322273 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Harrison, S. D. (2007). A perennial problem in gendered participation in music: What’s happening to the boys? British Journal of Music Education, 24, 267–280. doi:10.1017/S0265051707007577 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Johnson, C. M., Stewart, E. E. (2004). Effect of sex identification on instrument assignment by band directors. Journal of Research in Music Education, 52, 130–140. doi:10.2307/3345435 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Johnson, C. M., Stewart, E. E. (2005). Effect of sex and race identification on instrument assignment by music educators. Journal of Research in Music Education, 53, 348–357. doi:10.1177/002242940505300406 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Killian, J. N., Satrom, S. L. (2011). The effect of demonstrator gender on wind instrument preferences of kindergarten, third-grade, and fifth-grade students. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 29(2), 13–19. doi:10.1177/8755123310396985 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
MacLeod, R. B. (2009). A comparison of aural and visual instrument preferences of third and fifth-grade students. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 179, 33–43. doi:10.2307/40319328 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Marshall, N. A., Shibazaki, K. (2012). Instrument, gender and musical style associations in young children. Psychology of Music, 40, 494–507. doi:10.1177/0305735611408996 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Mellor, D., Moore, K. A. (2014). The use of Likert scales with children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39, 369–379. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jst079 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
O’Neill, S. A., Boulton, M. J. (1996). Boys’ and girls’ preferences for musical instruments: A function of gender? Psychology of Music, 24, 171–183. doi:10.1177/0305735696242009 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Pickering, S., Repacholi, B. (2001). Modifying children’s gender-typed musical instrument preferences: The effects of gender and age. Sex Roles, 45, 623–643. doi:10.1023/A:1014863609014 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sheldon, D. A., Price, H. E. (2005). Sex and instrumentation distribution in an international cross-section of wind and percussion ensembles. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 163, 43–51. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40311594 Google Scholar | |
|
Sinsabaugh, K. (2005). Understanding students who cross over gender stereotypes in musical instrument selection (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY. Google Scholar | |
|
Sullivan, G. M., Feinn, R. (2012). Using effect size—or why the p value is not enough. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 4, 279–282. doi:10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Taylor, D. M. (2009). Support structures contributing to instrument choice and achievement among Texas all-state male flutists. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 179, 45–60. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40319329 Google Scholar | |
|
Wych, G. M. F. (2012). Gender and instrument associations, stereotypes, and stratification: A literature review. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 30(2), 22–31. doi:10.1177/8755123312437049 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Zervoudakes, J., Tanur, J. M. (1994). Gender and musical instruments: Winds of change? Journal of Research in Music Education, 42, 58–67. doi:10.2307/3345337 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
