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First published May 2006

Cross-Cultural Differences in Physical Aggression Between Partners: A Social-Role Analysis

John ArcherView all authors and affiliations
Volume 10, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_3

Abstract

In developed western nations, both sexes commit acts of physical aggression against their partners. Data from 16 nations showed that this pattern did not generalize to all nations. The magnitude and direction of the sex difference was highly correlated with national-level variations in gender empowerment and individualism-collectivism. As gender equality and individualism increased, the sex difference in partner violence moved in the direction of lesserfemale victimization and greater male victimization. A second analysis of 52 nations showed that 3 indexes of women%'s victimization were also inversely correlated with gender equality and individualism. Sexist attitudes and relative approval of wife beating were also associated with women%'s victimization rates, but general levels of violent crime were not. The findings are discussed in terms of a social role approach to variations in sex differences between cultures.

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1 Although the values were therefore not suitable for comparing across countries, they were suitable for calculating within-study effect sizes for the first analysis.
2 The correlation was taken from Table 4.1 of Levinson (1989), and its direction from page 58 and from Levinson (personal communication. September 5, 2002).
3 This was the sample shown in Table 1.
4 Although there is no GEM listed for Jordan in the UN report, all the values for surrounding Arab countries are very low (United Nations Development Programme, 1997).
5 More precisely “not disapproving.”
6 These were r = -.72 and -.68 (p >.001).
7 Vandello and Cohen (2005) used only one measure of women%'s victimization, lifetime prevalence rates. These were checked against the ones used in my study. In most cases there was agreement, although a few discrepancies arose from different values being used when multiple studies were involved. Also, some of the values Vandello and Cohen used were placed in one of the other categories used in my analysis. When my analyses were recalculated using Vandello and Cohen%'s figures, most values were similar to those found for my victimization figures: for example, for GEM, r = -.66 (N = 29; p >.001); for GEM 2004, r = -.67 (N = 21; p >.001); for Hofstede%'s individualism-collectivism, r = -.61 (N = 23; p = .002); for PD, r = -.43 (N = 23; p >.04); for MF, r= -.02 (N = 22; NS). The low correlation with Triandis' individualism-collectivism measure was also replicated (r = -.29; N = 20; NS).

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Volume 10, Issue 2
Pages: 133 - 153
Article first published: May 2006
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