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First published July 2005

Intentional and Unintentional Nonadherence to Antihypertensive Medication

Abstract

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is poorly controlled in the US due to medication nonadherence. Recent evidence suggests that nonadherence can be classified as intentional or unintentional and different patient characteristics, such as the experience of adverse effects, may be associated with each.

OBJECTIVE

To examine associations between patient characteristics, including reported adverse effects, and both intentional and unintentional nonadherence among 588 hypertensive patients.

METHODS

Baseline data from a clinical trial, the Veterans' Study To Improve the Control of Hypertension, were examined. Intentional and unintentional nonadherence were assessed using a self-report measure. Participants were presented with a list of adverse effects commonly associated with antihypertensive medication and asked to indicate which symptoms they had experienced. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine adjusted associations between patient characteristics and type of nonadherence.

RESULTS

Approximately 31% of patients reported unintentional nonadherence and 9% reported intentional nonadherence. Non-white participants, individuals without diabetes mellitus, and individuals reporting ≥5 adverse effects were more likely to report intentional nonadherence than their counterparts. Individuals with less than a 10th-grade education and non-white participants were more likely to report unintentional nonadherence than their counterparts. When symptoms of increased urination and wheezing/shortness of breath were reported, patients were more likely to report intentional and unintentional nonadherence compared with those who were adherent. Unintentional nonadherence was also associated with reports of dizziness and rapid pulse.

CONCLUSIONS

Both intentional and unintentional nonadherence are common and related to perceived adverse effects. Furthermore, different interventions may be necessary to improve adherence in unintentionally and intentionally nonadherent patients.

Resumen

ANTECEDENTES

En los Estados Unidos, la hipertensión está muy pococo controlada debido a la falta de adherencia a la medicación. Algunas evidencias científicas recientes sugieren que la falta de adherencia a la medicación puede clasificarse como intencional o no intencional, y que diferencias relacionadas con las características del paciente, tales como la experiencia con los efectos colaterales, pueden contribuir a esa clasificación.

OBJETIVO

Examinar la asociación entre las características de los pacientes, incluyendo los efectos adversos notificados, y la falta de adherencia intencional y no intencional a la medicación en un grupo de 588 pacientes hipertensos.

MÉTODOS

Se examinó la información basal de un estudio clínico, el Veteran Study To Improve The Control of Hipertensión (V-STITCH). La falta de adherencia intencional y no intencional se valoró usando una medida de notificación por parte del mismo paciente. A los pacientes se les presentó una lista de efectos adversos comúnmente asociados con la medicación antihipertensiva y se les pidió que indicaran qué síntomas habían experimentado. Se usó el análisis de regresión para examinar las asociaciones ajustadas entre las características del paciente y el tipo de falta de adherencia.

RESULTADOS

Aproximadamente el 31% de los pacientes notificaron falta de adherencia no intencional. Los participantes que no eran de raza blanca, los con que tenían diabetes mellitus y aquellos que notificaron 5 o más efectos adversos, tenían más probabilidad de notificar falta de adherencia no intencional que las personas del otro grupo. Los pacientes con un grado de educación menor de 10 y los de raza no blanca tenían más probabilidad de notificar falta de adherencia no intencional que los pacientespertenecientes a los otros grupos. Cuando se notificaron síntomas relacionados con aumento de la micción y sibilantes/respiración entrecortada, los pacientes tenían mayor probabilidad de notificar falta de adherencia intencional y no intencional. La falta de adherencia no intencional también estuvo asociada a la notificación de mareos y pulso acelerado.

CONCLUSIONES

La falta de adherencia intencional y no intencional es común y relacionada con los efectos adversos percibidos. Además, pueden requerirse distintas intervenciones para mejorar la adherencia en pacientes que no se adhieren al tratamiento de manera intencional o no intencional.

Résumé

INTRODUCTION

L'hypertension est mal contrôlée aux États-Unis en raison de la non observance. Il est possible de caractériser la non observance selon qu'elle est intentionnelle ou non intentionnelle, et à partir de caractéristiques propres aux patients comme l'expérience d'effets indésirables.

OBJECTIF

Étudier l'association entre les caractéristiques des patients, les effets indésirables rapportés et la non observance intentionnelle ou non intentionnelle au sein d'une cohorte de 588 patients souffrant d'hypertension.

MÉTHODE

Les données de base issues de l'étude Veteran Study To Improve the Control of Hypertension (V-STITCH) ont été examinées. La non observance, intentionnelle ou non, a été déterminée par des mesures auto rapportées. Les participants ont dû indiquer les symptômes qu'ils ont prásentés à partir d'une liste d'effets indésirables généralement associés aux antihypertenseurs. Une analyse de régression logistique a été utilisée pour déterminer l'associationentre les caractéristiques des patients et le type de non observance.

RÉSULTATS

Approximativement 31% des patients ont rapporté une non observance non intentionnelle et 9% une non observance intentionnelle. Les personnes les plus enclines à rapporter une non observance intentionnelle étaient surtout des personnes de race blanche, ne présentant pas de diabète et ayant subi 5 effets indésirables ou plus. Les individus ayant une scolarité de moins de 10 ans et les races autres que la race blanche étaient plus sujets à déclarer une non observance non intentionnelle. Lorsque des symptômes de miction augmentée ou de sibilants/souffle court étaient rapportés, ces patients étaient plus sujet à rapporter de la non observance qu'elle soit intentionnelle ou non. La non observance non intentionnelle était aussi associée avec la divulgation d'étourdissements ou de pouls rapide.

CONCLUSIONS

La non observance, intentionnelle et non intentionnelle, était fréquente et associee à l'expérience de réactions indésirables. Différentes interventions seront nécessaires pour améliorer l'observance chez ces patients.

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Published In

Article first published: July 2005
Issue published: July 2005

Keywords

  1. adverse effects
  2. hypertension
  3. treatment adherence

Rights and permissions

© 2005 SAGE Publications.
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PubMed: 15956238

Authors

Affiliations

Kathryn P Lowry
Kathryn P Lowry, Undergraduate Student, Duke University, Durham, NC
Tara K Dudley
Tara K Dudley MStat, Statistician, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham
Eugene Z Oddone
Eugene Z Oddone MD MHSc, Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University; Director, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Hayden B Bosworth
Hayden B Bosworth PhD, Associate Research Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Center for Aging and Human Development, Duke University; Associate Director, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Notes

Reprints: Dr. Bosworth, Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (152), 508 Fulton St., Durham, NC 27705–3875, fax 919/416-5836, [email protected]
This research is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, HSR&D Service, investigator initiative grant 20–034. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

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