![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
This study was an investigation into the ways in which two classes of six- and seven-year-old children in Hawaii talked about the media. The children were shown video clips from a variety of media and asked to respond both orally and in writing. The qualitative data gathered in this study were researcher notes, video and audio-taped focus group interviews with the children, and their written responses to open-ended questions about the media clips they viewed. The results suggest that these children were more media savvy than commonly assumed, and already grasped basic understandings of key media concepts. Drawing upon Foucauldian theory, we argue for the need to move from the dominant model of developmental stage theory in media education, based on a deficit view of the child, to a strengths-based approach that recognizes and validates young people's varying experience with and knowledge about the media, and their agency when interacting with it.
References
Section:
| Althusser, L. (1971) Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, in Althusser, L. (Ed.) Lenin and Philosophy and other Essays, pp. 121–176. New York: Monthly Review. Google Scholar | |
| Bredekamp, S. (1987) Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children Birth through Age 8. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children. Google Scholar | |
| Buckingham, D. (1993) Children Talking Television: The making of television literacy. London: Falmer Press. Google Scholar | |
| Buckingham, D. (2000) After the Death of Childhood: Growing up in the age of electronic media. Cambridge: Polity Press. Google Scholar | |
| Buckingham, D. (2011) The Material Child: Growing up in consumer culture. Cambridge: Polity Press. Google Scholar | |
| Buckingham, D. & Sefton-Green, J. (2003) Gotta catch 'em all: Structure, agency, and pedagogy in children's media culture, Media, Culture & Society, 25(3), 379–399. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
| Chinn, E. (2001) Purchasing Power: Black kids and American consumer culture. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Google Scholar | |
| Critcher, C. (2006) Critical Readings: Moral panics and the media. New York: Open University Press. Google Scholar | |
| Daly, L. & Perez, L. (2009) Exposure to Media Violence and other Correlates of Aggressive Behavior in Preschool Children, Early Childhood Research and Practice, 11(2), 1–13. http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v11n2/daly.html Google Scholar | |
| Deleuze, G. & Guattari, F. (1987) A Thousand Plateaus, trans. Massumi, B. . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Google Scholar | |
| Foucault, M. (1977) Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison, trans. Sheridan, A. . New York: Pantheon Books. Google Scholar | |
| Giroux, H. (2010) The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the end of innocence. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar | |
| Gordon, C. (1991) Governmental Rationality, in Burchell, G., Gordon, C. & Miller, P. (Eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in governmentality, pp. 1–52. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | |
| Gore, J. (1993) The Struggle for Pedagogies: Critical and feminist discourses as regimes of truth. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
| Gore, J. (1998) Disciplining Bodies: On the continuity of power relations in pedagogy, in Popkewitz, T.S. & Brennan, M. (Eds) Foucault's Challenge: Discourse, knowledge and power in education, pp. 231–251. New York: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
| Grace, D. (2006) The Effects of Movies on Aggression in Children and Youth, in Arnett, J. (Ed.) Sage Encyclopedia of Children, Adolescents, and the Media, pp. 1:82–1:84. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
| Grace, D. (2008) Literacy for Children and Youth: An assets and acquisition approach, in Landau, B.M. (Ed.) Practicing Judicious Discipline: An educator's guide to a democratic classroom. 4th edn, pp. 21–26. San Francisco: Caddo Gap Press. Google Scholar | |
| Hall, S. (2000) Encoding/Decoding, in Marris, P. & Bassett, C. (Eds) Media Studies: A reader, pp. 51–60. New York: NYU Press. Google Scholar | |
| Harry, B., Sturges, K. & Klingner, J. (2005) Mapping the Process: An exemplar of process and challenge in grounded theory analysis, Educational Researcher, 34(2), 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X034002003 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
| Henward, A. (2011) Technology in Three American Preschools: Technological influences, ideology and social, in Blake, S., Windsor, D. & Allen, L. (Eds) Technology and Young Children: Bridging the communication-generation gap, pp. 65–87. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Google Scholar | |
| Hodge, B. & Tripp, D. (1986) Children and Television. Cambridge: Polity Press. Google Scholar | |
| James, A., Jenks, C. & Prout, A. (1998) Theorizing Childhood. New York: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
| Kaomea, J. (2003) Reading Erasures and Making the Familiar Strange: Defamiliarizing methods for research in formerly colonized and historically oppressed communities, Educational Researcher, 32(2), 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189X032002014 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
| Kleiser, R. Producer Phelps, W. Director. (1987) North Shore. USA: Universal Studios. Google Scholar | |
| Levin, D. & Carlsson-Paige, N. (2003) The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Teachers voice concern, in Dines, G. & Humez, J. (Eds) Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A text-reader, pp. 359–366. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
| MacNaughton, Glenda (2005) Doing Foucault in Early Childhood Studies: Applying poststructural ideas. New York: Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203465332 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
| Mama, A. (1995) Beyond the Masks: Race, gender and subjectivity. New York: Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203405499 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
| Marsh, J. (2005) Digikids: Young children, popular culture and media, in Yelland, N. (Ed.) Critical Issues in Early Childhood Education, pp. 181–196. Berkshire: Open University Press. Google Scholar | |
| McDonnell, K. (2005) Honey We Lost the Kids: Rethinking childhood in the multimedia age. Toronto: Second Story Press. Google Scholar | |
| O'Laughlin, M. (1991) The Emerging Role of Constructivism in Changes in Teachers' Beliefs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April, in Chicago, USA. Google Scholar | |
| Potter, J. (2011) Media Literacy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
| Segall, R. (2003) The New Product Placement, The Nation, February 24. Google Scholar | |
| Seiter, E. (2007) Internet Playground: Children's access, entertainment and mis-education. New York: Peter Lang. Google Scholar | |
| Singer, D. & Singer, J. (2001) Handbook of Children and the Media. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
| Sternheimer, K. (2003) It's Not The Media: The truth about pop culture's influence on children. New York: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
| Strasburger, V. & Wilson, B. (2002) Children, Adolescents, & the Media. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Google Scholar | |
| Tobin, J. (2000) ‘Good guys don't wear hats’: Children's talk about the media. New York: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar |
