Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published October 1974

Studies of Auditory-Visual Differences in Human Time Judgment: 1. Sounds are Judged Longer than Lights

Abstract

Prior studies have repeatedly shown that short sounds were judged to be of longer duration than physically equivalent lights. Six experiments are reported which confirm the robustness of this auditory-visual difference in time judgment and highlight two factors which contribute to its continued presence, movement for vision and intensity for audition.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Behar I., & Bevan W. The perceived duration of auditory and visual intervals: Cross-modal comparison and interaction. Amer. J. Psychol., 1961, 74, 17–26.
Berglund B., Berglund U., Ekman G., & Frankenhauser M. The influence of auditory stimulus intensity on apparent duration. Scand. J. Psychol., 1969, 10, 21–26.
Garner W. R. The stimulus in information processing. Amer. Psychologist, 1970, 25, 350–358.
Goldstone S. The human clock: A framework for the study of healthy and deviant time perception. In Fisher R. (Ed.), Interdisciplinary perspectives of time. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1967, 138, 767–783.
Goldstone S., Boardman W. K., & Lhamon W. T. Intersensory comparisons of temporal judgments. J. exp. Psychol., 1959, 57, 243–248.
Goldstone S., & Goldfarb J. L. Auditory and visual time judgment. J. gen. Psychol., 1964, 70, 369–387. (a)
Goldstone S., & Goldfarb J. L. Direct comparison of auditory and visual durations. J. exp. Psychol., 1964, 67, 483–485. (b)
Goldstone S., & Lhamon W. T. Levels of cognitive functioning and the auditory-visual differences in human timing behavior. In Appley M. H. (Ed.), Adaptation level theory (symposium). New York: Academic Press, 1971. pp. 263–280.
Goldstone S., & Lhamon W. T. Auditory-visual differences in human temporal judgment. Percept. mot. Skills, 1972, 34, 623–633.
Hubel D. H., & Wiesel T. N. Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex. J. Physiol., 1959, 148, 574–591.
Hubel D. H., & Wiesel T. N. Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. J. Physiol., 1968, 195, 215–243.
Lhamon W. T., & Goldstone S. Temporal information processing in schizophrenia. Arch. gen. Psychiat., 1973, 28, 44–51.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published: October 1974
Issue published: October 1974

Rights and permissions

© 1974 SAGE Publications.
Request permissions for this article.
PubMed: 4415924

Authors

Affiliations

Sanford Goldstone
Cornell University Medical College
William T. Lhamon
Cornell University Medical College

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Perceptual and Motor Skills.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 110

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016


Altmetric

See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores



Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 122 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 103

  1. Modality-specific sensory and decisional carryover effects in duration...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. Binding time: Investigations on the integration of visual stimulus dur...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  3. An event-termination cue causes perceived time to dilate
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Modality-dependent distortion effects of temporal frequency on time pe...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  5. A metacognitive approach to the study of motion-induced duration biase...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. Journey through a virtual tunnel: Simulated motion and its effects on ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Dissociating passage and duration of time experiences through the inte...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. The rhythm aftereffect induced by adaptation to the decelerating rhyth...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. The influence of audio effects and attention on the perceived duration...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Effect of types of stimuli, handedness and gender differences on react...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. The causal involvement of the right supramarginal gyrus in the subject...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Logarithmic encoding of ensemble time intervals
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. Neural Oscillations Associated With Auditory Duration Maintenance in W...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. How Is Temporal Processing Affected in Children with Attention-deficit...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. An analysis of the processing of intramodal and intermodal time interv...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  16. A perceptual pathway for voicing-conditioned vowel duration
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. Research Methods and Designs
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. Adaptation reveals multi-stage coding of visual duration
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  19. Differences in modal distortion in time perception due to working memo...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  20. Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. The Sound of Actuators: Disturbance in Human - Robot Interactions?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. The Perception of Duration and the Judgment of the Passage of Time
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. Visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination depend on modal...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  24. Audiovisual perception of gemination and pharyngealization in Arabic
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  25. Neural oscillations associated with auditory duration maintenance in w...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  26. Integration of visual and tactile information in reproduction of trave...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  27. Working Memory for Sequences of Temporal Durations Reveals a Volatile ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  28. The modality effect of ego depletion: Auditory task modality reduces e...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  29. Temporal Regularity of the Environment Drives Time Perception
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  30. Combined effects of motor response, sensory modality, and stimulus int...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  31. Odors Bias Time Perception in Visual and Auditory Modalities
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  32. Vibrotactile timing: Are vibrotactile judgements of duration affected ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  33. SET and Human Timing
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  34. Mental Summation of Temporal Duration within and across Senses
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  35. Visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination of intervals in...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  36. The aftereffect of perceived duration is contingent on auditory freque...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  37. The duality of temporal encoding – the intrinsic and extrinsic represe...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  38. The influence of stimulus repetition on duration judgments with simple...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  39. Temporal frequency of events rather than speed dilates perceived durat...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  40. Time perception in depression: A meta-analysis
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  41. Timing in response-initiated fixed intervals
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  42. Taking a long look at isochrony: Perceived duration increases with tem...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  43. Intentional Binding is independent of the validity of the action effec...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  44. The effect of filled and empty intervals on clock and memory processes...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  45. Experience of and in Time
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  46. Effect of Affect Induction Method on Emotional Valence and Arousal
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  47. Interference between auditory and visual duration judgements suggests ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  48. Prospective Judgment of Short-Intervals in a Cohort of University Stud...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  49. More consistent, yet less sensitive: Interval timing in autism spectru...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  50. Auditory and visual differences in time perception? An investigation f...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  51. Waiting times in quality of experience for web based services
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  52. Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performanc...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  53. Duration channels mediate human time perception
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  54. Ticks per thought or thoughts per tick? A selective review of time per...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  55. Neuromagnetic responses reveal the cortical timing of audiovisual sync...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  56. Perceived time is spatial frequency dependent
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  57. Stimulus Repetition and the Perception of Time: The Effects of Prior E...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  58. Modality-independent role of the primary auditory cortex in time estim...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  59. Can we use verbal estimation to dissect the internal clock? Differenti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  60. Auditory temporal modulation of the visual Ternus effect: the influenc...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  61. Time in motion: Effects of whole-body rotatory accelerations on timeke...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  62. Differences in the neural basis of automatic auditory and visual time ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  63. Timing and time perception: A review of recent behavioral and neurosci...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  64. Are memories for duration modality specific?
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  65. Good vibrations: Human interval timing in the vibrotactile modality
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  66. Learning and generalization of time production in humans: rules of tra...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  67. More is Still not Better: Testing the Perturbation Model of Temporal R...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  68. Perceptual learning in auditory temporal discrimination: No evidence f...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  69. Asymmetric cross-modal effects in time perception
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  70. Is time reproduction sensitive to sensory modalities?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  71. Temporal processing dysfunction in schizophrenia
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  72. Do We Have a Common Mechanism for Measuring Time in the Hundreds of Mi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  73. An internal clock for predictive saccades is established identically b...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  74. Sensory modality and time perception in children and adults
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  75. When do auditory/visual differences in duration judgements occur?
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  76. Crossmodal temporal discrimination: Assessing the predictions of a gen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  77. Perceived duration of expected and unexpected stimuli
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  78. The perception of empty and filled time intervals by rats
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  79. The perception of empty and filled time intervals by rats
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  80. Duration judgments of naturalistic events in the auditory and visual m...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  81. Overloading temporal memory.
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  82. The Perception of Empty and Filled Time Intervals by Pigeons
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  83. Perception of the Duration of Auditory and Visual Stimuli in Children ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  84. Variable Foreperiods and Temporal Discrimination
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  85. Temporal Experience and Timing in Children
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  86. Modality Differences in Interval Timing
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  87. The effect of study-test modalities on the remembrance of subjective d...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  88. Auditory dominance in temporal processing: New evidence from synchroni...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  89. Pigeons’ timing of an arbitrary and a naturalistic auditory stimulus: ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  90. From physical time to the first and second moments of psychological ti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  91. Perception of Time: Delay of Estimation under Auditory and Visual Task...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  92. Pigeons’ memory for event duration: Differences between visual and aud...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  93. Why “Sounds Are Judged Longer than Lights”: Application of a Model of ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  94. Signal intensity and duration estimation in rats
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  95. Time, change, and motion: The effects of stimulus movement on temporal...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  96. The Perception of Temporal Events a
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  97. Auditory and Visual Differences in Time Perception
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  98. The predisposition to hallucinate
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  99. Variations in Perception of Short Time Intervals during Menstrual Cycl...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  100. Light intensity and judged duration
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  101. TIME AND RHYTHM PERCEPTION
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  102. Movement and the judged duration of visual targets
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  103. Studies of Auditory-Visual Differences in Human Time Judgment: 2. More...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub