PART 3: Intermodal: Integrated Timed Transfer: A European Perspective
Abstract
Integrated timed-transfer (ITT) systems are starting up in Switzerland, Austria, and many regions of Germany. They distinguish themselves from regular timed-transfer systems, in which vehicles arrive at and depart from a station at approximately the same time to minimize waiting times for passengers, by integrating the timed-transfer systems of individual metropolitan areas into one complete public transportation system for a region. Very little has been written about ITT in the English language literature, and the purpose here is to close the information gap. The advantages and disadvantages of an ITT system are illustrated by discussing a concrete example. Technical and economic aspects of ITT are discussed. Terms such as “symmetry time” and “optimal minimum headway” are defined. Early results of ITT systems in Europe are reported. The applicability of ITT to North America is demonstrated with the example of the San Jose–Oakland–Sacramento corridor. The public transportation system in this area is currently disjointed, and the introduction of ITT would increase the usability of public transit.
Get full access to this article
View all access and purchase options for this article.
References
1. Münchschwander P., Jänsch E., and Rump R. Schienenschnellverkehr, Band 4, Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr international. R. v. Decker’s Verlag, G. Schenck, Heidelberg, Germany, 1990.
2. Bahn 2000 Builds on Taktfahrplan. Railway Gazette International, Vol. 142, No. 4, April 1986, pp. 245–246.
3. Schulz A. Der Allgäu-Schwaben-Takt–Ein erster Schritt zur umfassenden Rationalisierung und Modernisierung des Regionalverkehrs. Die Deutsche Bahn, Vol. 69, No. 5, May 1993, pp. 363–370.
4. Exorcising the Original Sin. Railway Gazette International. Vol. 142, No. 4, April 1986.
5. Towards a European Taktfahrplan. Railway Gazette International, Vol. 142, No. 4, April 1986, pp. 254–255.
6. Clever R. Schnelligkeit oder HȨufigkeit: Ƞberlegungen zur Einfɒhrung des Integralen Taktfahrplans im Fernverkehr der Eisenbahn. Zeitschrift fɒr Verkehrswissenschaft, Vol. 67, No. 2, 1992, pp. 138–182.
7. Baum H., and Weingarten F. Kooperation zwischen Schienen- und Luftverkehr in Deutschland. Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of Cologne, Dec. 1992.
8. Reinhold T. Park & Rail: Neue Kundenpotentiale für die Bahn durch ein verbessertes Parkangebot an Fernbahnhöfen? Internationales Verkehrswesen, Vol. 47, No. 11, Nov. 1995, pp. 698–704.
9. Kolz H., and Walter J. Der Rheinland-Pfalz-Takt: Marketing für einen neuen Markenartikel im SPNV. Internationales Verkehrswesen, Vol. 48, No. 5, May 1996, pp. 25–30.
10. Kritik an der Einführung des Integralen Taktfahrplans. Internationales Verkehrswesen, Vol. 47, Nos. 1-2, Jan.–Feb. 1995.
11. Vuchic V. R. Timed Transfer System Planning, Design and Operation. Report UMTA-PA-11-0021-82-2. UMTA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Oct. 1981.
12. Bakker J. J., Calkin J., and Sylvester S. A Multi-Centered Timed Transfer System for Capital Metro, Austin, Texas. In Transportation Research Record 654, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1988.
13. Schneider J. B., Deardorf R., Deffebach C., Latteman J., McCormack E., and Wellander C. Planning, Designing and Operating Multi-Centered Timed Transfer Transit Systems: Guidelines from Recent Experience in Six Cities. Report UMTA-WA-11-0009. UMTA, U.S. Department of Transportation, Sept. 1983.
14. Göbertshahn R. Der Integrale Taktfahrplan–Vernetzung der Verkehr-sträger im Personenverkehr als Fundament der Nahverkehrsstrategie der Bahn. Die Deutsche Bahn, Vol. 69, No. 5, May 1993, pp. 357–362.
15. Maxwell R. R. Intercity Timed-Transfer System Strategy: The Swiss Experience. PB Network, Summer 1995, pp. 27–28.
16. Vilmart C., and Paix J.-F. Les effects des ruptures de charge sur la concurrence entre l’avion et le train. Revue générale des chemins de fer, Oct. 1994, pp. 17–21.
17. Krista M., and Oltrogge C. Linienplanung Fernverkehr DB 2000 Abschlußbericht. Ingenieurgesellschaft für Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrssicherheit, Braunschweig, Germany, n.d.
18. Speck G. Der Integrale Taktfahrplan–1st mehr Nahverkehr für weniger Geld möglich? Der Nahverkehr, No. 9/96, pp. 33–38.
19. Der Rheinland-Pfalz-Takt–das Modellprojekt für den öffentlichen Verkehr. Die Liberale Depesche, No. 3/97.
20. Speck G. Der Rheinland-Pfalz-Takt–Landesweit mehr Mobilität im ÖPNV. Baukultur, No. 5/96, pp. 24–27.
21. Melendy L., and Deakin E. Transportation Infrastructure in the Bay Area: An Agenda. Working Paper 667. Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California at Berkeley, April 1996.
22. Homburger W. S., and Vuchic V. R. Federation of Transit Agencies as a Solution for Service Integration. Report 162. Institute of Transportation and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 1970.
23. Homburger W. S. Transit System Reorganization in the San Francisco Bay Area. Research Report UCB-ITS-RR-90-06. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Berkeley, June 1990.
24. Senate Bill 1474 California Statutes of 1996, Chapter 256.
25. National Transportation Statistics 1995. Report DOT-VNTSC-BTS-94-3. Bureau of Transportation Statistics, U.S. Department of Transportation.
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
OR
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Article first published: January 1997
Issue published: January 1997
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Journals metrics
This article was published in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.
VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICSArticle usage*
Total views and downloads: 17
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 0
Crossref: 8
- Beyond Start and End Points: Accessibility of Railway Stations on a Mu...
- Developing trans-European railway corridors: Lessons from the Rhine-Al...
- Watching the Swiss: A network approach to rural and exurban public tra...
- The Incorporation of Passenger Connectivity and Intermodal Considerati...
- A stochastic optimization model for transit network timetable design t...
- The effects of planned and unplanned transfers on public transport use...
- Synchronization of bus timetabling
- Assessing the cost of transfer inconvenience in public transport syste...
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
Get access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.
