Quantitative Analysis of Polymers and Crumb Rubber in Hot-Mix Asphalts
Abstract
A method was developed to analyze quantitatively the amount of polymer in polymer-modified hot-mix asphalts (HMA). The polymers used were styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and styrene-butadiene styrene (SBS) at concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 mass percent in asphalt. The aggregates used were granite, gravel, and limestone. The procedure involved removing the polymer-modified asphalt from the aggregate by using tetrahydrofuran extraction and then analyzing the modified asphalt for polymer content with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. In addition, an FTIR analysis procedure was developed for crumb rubber in HMA; this procedure used the same FTIR method used for SBR and SBS. Previous research reported individual calibration lines for a given polymer in several different asphalt cements. Quantitation of the polymer content involved developing a calibration line for each polymer-modified asphalt. The effect of combining the data for a given polymer in three different asphalts into one universal calibration line was evaluated.
Get full access to this article
View all access and purchase options for this article.
References
1. Curtis C. W., Hanson D. I., Chen S. T., Shieh G-J., and Ling M. Quantitative Determination of Polymers in Asphalt Cements and Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes. In Transportation Research Record 1488, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 52–61.
2. Yen T. F., and Chilingarian G. V. Asphaltenes and Asphalts. Vol. 1. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1994, pp. 381–398.
3. Stroup-Gardiner M., and Newcomb D. E. Polymer Literature Review. Minnesota Department of Transportation, 1995.
4. Why More Polymers Are Coming for Asphalt. Highways and Heavy Construction, June 1988, p. 68.
5. Popp D. Spotlight-Asphalt Additives. Highways and Heavy Construction, June 1988, p. 78.
6. Hoban T. Modified Bitumen Binders for Surface Dressing. Chemistry & Industry, Sep. 3, 1990, pp. 538–542.
7. Lewandowski L. H. Polymer Modification of Paving Asphalt Binders. Rubber Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 67, 1994, pp. 447–480.
8. Brandrup J., and Immergut E. H., eds. Polymer Handbook. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1989.
9. Charania E., Cano M. O., and Schnormeier R. H. Twenty-Year Study of Asphalt Rubber Pavements in Phoenix, Arizona. In Transportation Research Record 1307, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1991, pp. 29–37.
10. Roberts R. L., Kandhal P. S., Brown E. R., and Dunning R. L. Investigation and Evaluation of Ground Tire Rubber in Hot Mix Asphalt. NCAT Report 89-3. National Center for Asphalt Technology, 1989.
11. Choquet F. S., and Ista E. J. Determination of SBS, EVA, and APP Polymer in Polymer Modified Asphalt Cements. In Polymer Modified Asphalt Binders. ASTM STP 1108 (Wardlaw K. R. and Shuler S., eds.), ASTM, Philadelphia, 1991.
12. Romine R. A. The Determination of SBR-Latex Concentration in Asphalt Cements. Materials and Test Division, Texas State Department of Transportation and Public Transportation, March 1987.
13. Determination of Polymer Additive Percentages in Polymer Modified Asphalt Cements. Test Method TEX 533-C. Materials and Tests Division, Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, March 1991.
14. Test for Polymers in Asphalts. AHTD Test Method 432. Arkansas Highway Department.
15. Choquet F. S., and Ista E. J. The Determination of Bitumen and Recycled Tire Rubber Content in Rubberized Asphalt Road Mixtures. In Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder, ASTM STP 1108 (Wardlaw K. R., Shuler S., eds.), ASTM, Philadelphia, 1992.
16. Lambert J. B., Shurrell H. F., Verbit L., Cooks R. S., and Stout S. H. Organic Structural Analysis. Macmillan, New York, 1979, pp. 237–241.
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
OR
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Article first published: January 1997
Issue published: January 1997
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Journals metrics
This article was published in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.
VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICSArticle usage*
Total views and downloads: 6
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 0
Crossref: 7
- Comparative study on the chemical and rheological properties of elasto...
- Evaluation of elastomer–plastomer vulcanised modifiers for using as bi...
- Analysis of Quantification and Mechanism of SBS Modifier in SBS-Modifi...
- Morphology, rheology, and physical properties of polymer-modified asph...
- Ageing in modified bitumen using FTIR spectroscopy
- A Quantitative Determination of Polymer Content in SBS Modified Asphal...
- Quantification of SBS Content in SBS Polymer Modified Asphalt by FTIR
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
Get access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.
