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Research article
First published January 1998

Scramble and Crosswalk Signal Timing

Abstract

A variety of methods have been developed for determining appropriate pedestrian crossing times at signalized intersections. Although many of these methods have useful applications, all have significant shortcomings when estimating the crossing time required under high-volume conditions and with two-way flow within a crosswalk. Existing methods are described. A field study conducted to address these shortcomings is then described. The results of the study are used to develop relationships to describe pedestrian flow at signalized crossings. Recommendations are then made to improve the signal timing parameters used for higher-volume pedestrian flows.

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References

1. FHWA U.S. Department of Transportation. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1988.
2. Pignataro L. J. Traffic Engineering: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1973.
3. Special Report 209: Highway Capacity Manual. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1985.
4. Virkler M. R., and Guell D. L. Pedestrian Crossing Time Requirements at Intersections. In Transportation Research Record 959, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1984, pp. 47–51.
5. Virkler M. R., Elayadath S., and Geethakrishnan S. High-Volume Pedestrian Crosswalk Time Requirements. In Transportation Research Record 1495, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 41–48.

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Article first published: January 1998
Issue published: January 1998

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© 1998 National Academy of Sciences.
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Authors

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Mark R. Virkler
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 and School of Civil Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia

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