Origin and Destination Estimation in New York City with Automated Fare System Data
Abstract
New York City Transit’s automated fare collection system, known as MetroCard, is an entry-only system that records the serial number of the MetroCard and the time and location (subway turnstile or bus number) of each use. A methodology that estimates station-to-station origin and destination (O-D) trip tables by using this MetroCard information is described. The key is to determine the sequence of trips made throughout a day on each MetroCard. This is accomplished by sorting the MetroCard information by serial number and time and then extracting, for each MetroCard, the sequence of the trips and the station used at the origin of each trip. A set of straightforward algorithms is applied to each set of MetroCard trips to infer a destination station for each origin station. The algorithms are based on two primary assumptions. First, a high percentage of riders return to the destination station of their previous trip to begin their next trip. Second, a high percentage of riders end their last trip of the day at the station where they began their first trip of the day. These assumptions were tested by using travel diary information collected by the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council. This diary information confirmed that both assumptions are correct for a high percentage (90%) of subway users. The output was further validated by comparing inferred destination totals to station exit counts by time of day and by estimating peak load point passenger volumes by using a trip assignment model. The major applications of this project are to describe travel patterns for service planning and to create O-D trip tables as input to a trip assignment model. The trip assignment model is used to determine passenger volumes on trains at peak load points and other locations by using a subway network coded with existing or modified service. These passenger volumes are used for service planning and scheduling and to quantify travel patterns. This methodology eliminates the need for periodic systemwide O-D surveys that are costly and time-consuming. The new method requires no surveying and eliminates sources of response bias, such as low response rates for certain demographic groups. The MetroCard market share is currently 80% and increasing. MetroCard data are available continuously 365 days a year, which allows O-D data estimation to be repeated for multiple days to improve accuracy or to account for seasonality.
Get full access to this article
View all access and purchase options for this article.
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
OR
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Article first published: January 2002
Issue published: January 2002
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Journals metrics
This article was published in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.
VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICSArticle usage*
Total views and downloads: 356
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 0
Crossref: 189
- Activity-based individual travel regularity exploring with entropy-spa...
- A Two-Stage Algorithm Based on Variable Distance Threshold for Estimat...
- Reconstruction of incomplete public transportation check-out records b...
- Mobility knowledge graph: review and its application in public transpo...
- Inferring origin-destination distribution of agent transfer in a compl...
- What motivates the use of shared mobility systems and their integratio...
- An approach toward correct policy based on mass transit lines' demand ...
- Data-driven identification and analysis of passenger riding paths in m...
- Understanding the mobility of public transport systems based on weight...
- Integrating shared autonomous vehicles in Last-Mile public transportat...
- A network-based analysis to assess COVID-19 disruptions in the Bogotá ...
- Public transport demand estimation by frequency adjustments
- Zone prioritisation for transit improvement using potential demand est...
- Inferring alighting bus stops from smart card data combined with cellu...
- Clustering-Based Travel Pattern for Individual Travel Prediction of Fr...
- Methodological Approach for the Definition of Urban Tourist Patterns T...
- Analysis of spatial–temporal validation patterns in Fortaleza’s public...
- Is there any best practice principles to estimate bus alighting passen...
- Transport digitalization: Business analytics results from Shift2Rail C...
- Advertisement Revenue and Exposure Optimization for Digital Screens in...
- Inference of dynamic origin–destination matrices with trip and transfe...
- Travel purpose identification based on mobile phone signaling data and...
- Dijkstra solution algorithm considering fuzzy accessibility degree for...
- Inferring origin and destination zones of transit trips through fusion...
- Estimating door-to-door travel time using a synthetic population enric...
- Spatiotemporal characteristics analysis of commuting by shared electri...
- Data to the people: a review of public and proprietary data for transp...
- Frequency-based path flow estimator for transit origin-destination tri...
- A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Multi-Modal Travel Demand:...
- Methodology for determining passengers correspondence by public transp...
- Travel pattern-based bus trip origin-destination estimation using smar...
- The value of additional data for public transport origin–destination m...
- Effects of system configurations of automated fare collection on trans...
- Discovery of tourists' movement patterns in venice from public transpo...
- A knowledge graph-based method for epidemic contact tracing in public ...
- Inferring passenger responses to urban rail disruptions using smart ca...
- Identifying trip purpose from a dockless bike-sharing system in Manche...
- Detailed Origin-Destination Matrices of Bus Passengers Using Radio Fre...
- A Sustainable Feeder Bus Route Design Procedure with Big Data
- Data-Driven Performance Evaluation Framework for Multi-Modal Public Tr...
- Impact of Unplanned Long-Term Service Disruptions on Urban Public Tran...
- Optimization Models for Estimating Transit Network Origin–Destination ...
- Resiliency of on-demand multimodal transit systems during a pandemic
- Understanding the Heterogeneity of Human Mobility Patterns: User Chara...
- Hybrid-Data Approach for Estimating Trip Purposes
- Comparison of Door-to-Door Transit Travel Time Estimation Using Schedu...
- Estimating Destination of Bus Trips Considering Trip Type Characterist...
- A Data-Driven Framework for Analyzing Spatial Distribution of the Elde...
- Multi-stage deep learning approaches to predict boarding behaviour of ...
- Estimating the route-level passenger demand profile from bus dwell tim...
- Minimum entropy rate-improved trip-chain method for origin–destination...
- Estimating left behind patterns in congested metro systems: a Bayesian...
- Otobüs İçi Yoğunluk Oranını Dikkate Alan Bulanık Optimal Güzergah Öner...
- Probabilistic model for destination inference and travel pattern minin...
- Incorporating travel behavior regularity into passenger flow forecasti...
- An estimation of the effects of social distancing measures on transit ...
- Inferring origin-Destination demand and user preferences in a multi-mo...
- Research on Passenger Flow Path Reduction of Urban Rail Transit Based ...
- A Review of Big Data Applications in Urban Transit Systems
- Demand estimation for public transport network planning
- Transit OD matrix estimation using smartcard data: Recent developments...
- Transit ridership survey by analysis validation of electronic pass tic...
- ACCURACY VERIFICATION OF TWO-STAGE PASSENGER TRIP PATTERN ESTIMATION M...
- A Survey on Contactless Smart Cards and Payment System
- Destination Estimation for Bus Passengers Based on Data Fusion
- Estimating Wait Time and Passenger Load in a Saturated Metro Network: ...
- Urban Mobility Data Analysis for Public Transportation Systems: A Case...
- Measures of Travel Reliability on an Urban Rail Transit Network
- Estimating the influence of crowding and travel time variability on ac...
- A Method for Bus OD Matrix Estimation Using Multisource Data
- Improving alighting stop inference accuracy in the trip chaining metho...
- Analysis of Subway Station Distribution Capacity Based on Automatic Fa...
- Incorporating weather conditions and travel history in estimating the ...
- Identifying Relevant Transfer-Connections from Entry-Only Automatic Fa...
- Detecting Public Transport Passenger Movement Patterns
- Probe People and Vehicle-Based Data Sources Application in Smart Trans...
- A Study of Estimating the Alighting Stop on the Decision Tree Learning...
- Emerging Big Data Sources for Public Transport Planning: A Systematic ...
- Monitoring Multimodal Travel Environment Using Automated Fare Collecti...
- Combining ITS and optimization in public transportation planning: stat...
- Alighting stop determination using two-step algorithms in bus transit ...
- GIS-based transit trip allocation methods converting stop-level boardi...
- Clustering Passenger Trip Data for the Potential Passenger Investigati...
- Bottleneck Analysis of Ground Bus Intersection Operation
- Measuring Retiming Responses of Passengers to a Prepeak Discount Fare ...
- Assessing the Evolution of Transit User Behavior from Smart Card Data
- Intermodal mobility analysis with smart-card data. Spatio-temporal ana...
- Improved algorithms for trip‐chain estimation using massive student be...
- Big Data Analytics: Estimation of Destination for Users of Bus Rapid T...
- Potentiels et limites des traces (géo)numériques dans l’analyse des mo...
- Potentials and limits of (geo)digital footprints in mobility analysis:...
- Recognizing metro-bus transfers from smart card data
- A high-precision heuristic model to detect home and work locations fro...
- Passenger-Centric Performance Metrics for the New York City Subway
- Algorithm of Trip Destination Estimation Based on E-Card Data – a Case...
- Origin-Destination Estimation of Bus Users by Smart Card Data
- Data-Driven Transport Policy in Cities: A Literature Review and Implic...
- Using Mobile Phone Data to Observe and Understand Mobility Behavior, T...
- Empirical Analysis of Traveling Backwards and Passenger Flows Reassign...
- Extended Methodology for the Estimation of a Zonal Origin-Destination ...
- Deriving Real-time City Crowd Flows by Heterogeneous Big Urban Data
- Understanding coupling dynamics of public transportation networks
- Mining Smart Card Data for Travellers’ Mini Activities
- Estimation of rail passenger flow and system utilization with ticket t...
- A robust method for estimating transit passenger trajectories using au...
- Smart Card Data Mining to Analyze Mobility Patterns in Suburban Areas
- Passengers’ response to transit fare change: an ex post appraisal usin...
- Extracting bus transit boarding stop information using smart card tran...
- A Trip Purpose-Based Data-Driven Alighting Station Choice Model Using ...
- From Physical Properties of Transportation Flows to Demand Estimation:...
- Evaluation and Improvement of the Interchange from Bus to Metro Using ...
- La mobilité intermodale par les données billettiques. Analyses spatio-...
- Detecting home location and trip purposes for cardholders by mining sm...
- Estimation of population origin–interchange–destination flows on multi...
- The Resilience to Emergencies and Disasters Index: Applying big data t...
- Smart Card Data Mining of Public Transport Destination: A Literature R...
- Predicting Behavior of Passengers Using Data Collected Through Smart C...
- Second-Order Destination Inference using Semi-Supervised Self-Training...
- Constructing activity–mobility trajectories of college students based ...
- IBBAS: A Visual Analytics System of Large-Scale Traffic Data for Bus B...
- Isolating high-priority metro and feeder bus transfers using smart car...
- Deep‐learning architecture to forecast destinations of bus passengers ...
- Transport modelling in the age of big data
- Analyzing year-to-year changes in public transport passenger behaviour...
- Traffic flow short-term forecasting system design and prototyping: Cas...
- Evaluation of Effects from Sample-Size Origin-Destination Estimation U...
- Constructing Transit Origin–Destination Matrices with Spatial Clusteri...
- Modeling the Origin-Destination Matrix with Incomplete Information
- Analysing the spatial-temporal characteristics of bus travel demand us...
- Estimation of Origin-Destination matrices under Automatic Fare Collect...
- Identifying passenger flow characteristics and evaluating travel time ...
- Transit Origin-Destination Estimation
- Comparison of passengers' behavior and aggregate demand levels on a su...
- Extracting potential bus lines of Customized City Bus Service based on...
- Forecasting dynamic public transport Origin-Destination matrices with ...
- Inferring the Transit Trip Destination Zone of Smart Card User Using T...
- Validating and improving public transport origin–destination estimatio...
- Early Warning of City-Scale Unusual Social Event on Public Transportat...
- A mixture model clustering approach for temporal passenger pattern cha...
- Time-Expanded Network Model of Train-Level Subway Ridership Flows Usin...
- Use of Mobile Ticketing Data to Estimate an Origin–Destination Matrix ...
- From Transit Systems to Models: Data Representation and Collection
- Temporary user-centred networks for transport systems
- Theoretical Method for Building OD Matrix from AFC Data
- Passenger Journey Destination Estimation From Automated Fare Collectio...
- A mixture model clustering approach for temporal passenger pattern cha...
- Aggregated Metro Trip Patterns in Urban Areas of Hong Kong: Evidence f...
- Activity detection and transfer identification for public transit fare...
- Impact evaluation of a mass transit fare change on demand and revenue ...
- A calculation method of OD matrix in multi-modal transit network based...
- An integrated Bayesian approach for passenger flow assignment in metro...
- Development of Application for Estimating Daily Boarding and Alighting...
- Use of Smart Card Fare Data to Estimate Public Transport Origin–Destin...
- Examining the spatial–temporal dynamics of bus passenger travel behavi...
- Models of bus boarding and alighting dynamics
- Validating travel behavior estimated from smartcard data
- Passenger Flow Estimation Based on Smart Card Data in Public Transit
- Automated, Data-Driven Performance Regime for Operations Management, P...
- Data analysis opportunities of electronic fare collection systems
- Bus Passenger Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Using Available Inf...
- Estimating Smart Card Commuters Origin-Destination Distribution Based ...
- Transit Travel Demand Analysis Method Based on APTS Multi-Source Data
- Towards a Reliable Origin-Destination Matrix from Massive Amounts of S...
- Automated Inference of Linked Transit Journeys in London Using Fare-Tr...
- Are Transit Trips Symmetrical in Time and Space?...
- Applying Automatic Fare Collection System to Estimate a Transit Passen...
- Algorithm of Estimating Alighting Bus Stops of Smart Card Passengers B...
- Effects of data quality and quantity in systems modelling: a case stud...
- Transit smart card data mining for passenger origin information extrac...
- Estimation of a disaggregate multimodal public transport Origin–Destin...
- Using smart card data to extract passenger's spatio-temporal density a...
- Stop Aggregation Model: Development and Application
- Data Mining and Analysis of Integrated Circuit Card Data in Subway
- Public Transportation Trip OD Matrix Inference Using IC Card Data and ...
- Algorithm to Measure Daily Bus Passenger Miles Using Electronic Farebo...
- Estimating a Transit Passenger Trip Origin-Destination Matrix Using Au...
- Using Quantitative Methods in Equity and Demographic Analysis to Infor...
- Constructing Transit Origin–Destination Tables from Fragmented Data
- Entry-Only Automated Fare-Collection System Data Used to Infer Ridersh...
- Constructing a Transit Origin–Destination Table Using the Uncertainty ...
- Use of Entry-Only Automatic Fare Collection Data to Estimate Linked Tr...
- Enriching Archived Smart Card Transaction Data for Transit Demand Mode...
- Farecard Passenger Flow Model at Chicago Transit Authority, Illinois
- Constructing an Automated Bus Origin–Destination Matrix Using Farecard...
- Estimating a Rail Passenger Trip Origin‐Destination Matrix Using Autom...
- Individual Trip Destination Estimation in a Transit Smart Card Automat...
- Designing Automated Vehicle Location Systems for Archived Data Analysi...
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
Get access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.
