Modeling Daily Activity–Travel Tour Patterns Incorporating Activity Scheduling Decision Rules

The study develops a unique and practical model that can simulate daily patterns of activity travel for all household members including children and homemakers as well as workers and students. The activity–travel pattern model primarily adopts a tour-based structure in which tour is used as the base unit of modeling to preserve consistency in destination, mode, and time-of-day choices across trips. The unique feature of the model over other tour-based models in the literature is the incorporation of behavioral rules in the microsimulation process. These rules are derived from observed probabilities of activity scheduling behavior and are used to govern and modify generated activities by controlling for activity rescheduling, joint activity–tour generation, and household maintenance tour restriction. Data from a 4-day activity diary survey of nearly 4,000 individuals were used to develop models of weekday daily activity–travel patterns in the Jakarta, Indonesia, metropolitan area. Activity–travel patterns are defined by primary activity, primary tour type, and number and type of secondary tours. The model has a two-tier nested logit structure, with a choice of whether to go out of home to travel or stay at home all day in the upper tier and a choice of daily activity–travel pattern alternatives in the lower tier under the out-of-home choice. In addition to logsum from the time-of-day choice model, a variety of explanatory variables are included in the model. The effects of the explanatory variables are quite different from the effects of those models developed for the United States.