Modeling Travel Tool Ownership of the Elderly Population: Latent Segmentation-Based Logit Model
Abstract
A latent segmentation-based logit (LSL) modeling framework investigated the travel tool ownership of the elderly population in the greater Toronto area, Ontario, Canada. This study utilized data from the 2006 Transportation Tomorrow Survey conducted in the greater Toronto area. The study developed five mutually exclusive travel tool ownership combinations or bundles for older adults. One of the unique features of this study is the development of an LSL model to capture unobserved heterogeneity in the older adults’ travel tool ownership decisions. The LSL model captures unobserved heterogeneity by allocating individuals to discrete latent segments through a latent segment allocation model. The model results suggest that the LSL model is estimated for two latent segments in which less frequent trip makers are more likely to belong to Segment 1 and more frequent trip makers have a higher probability of belonging to Segment 2. Moreover, the model results suggest that considerable heterogeneity exists among the older adults in the two segments. For instance, older adults residing in a neighborhood with a higher percentage of owned dwellings prefer to own multiple travel tools in one latent segment and reveal an opposite relationship in another segment. Moreover, older adults living closer to regional business centers have a higher probability of owning a monthly transit pass in one segment and exhibit an opposite relationship in another segment. This diversity in travel behavior should be addressed within the transportation and land use policies to ensure an effective and equitable transportation system for older adults.
Get full access to this article
View all access and purchase options for this article.
References
1. The Canadian Population in 2011: Age and Sex. Analytical Report. Statistics Canada, 2012. http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/access_acces/alternative_alternatif.action?t=98-311-XWE2011001&k=989&l=eng&loc=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-311-x/98-311-x2011001-eng.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
2. Hjorthol R. J., Levin L., and Sirén A. Mobility in Different Generations of Older Persons: The Development of Daily Travel in Different Cohorts in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 18, No. 5, 2010, pp. 624–633.
3. Scott D. M., Newbold K. B., Spinney J. E. L., Mercado R., Páez A., and Kanaroglou P. S. New Insights into Senior Travel Behavior: The Canadian Experience. Growth and Change, Vol. 40, 2009, pp. 140–168.
4. Moniruzzaman M., Páez A., Nurul Habib K. M., and Morency C. Mode Use and Trip Length of Seniors in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 30, 2013, pp. 89–99.
5. Lee H., Choo S., and Sohn D. Mobility Characteristics of the Elderly in Seoul Metropolitan Area Using the 2010 Household Travel Survey Data. Presented at 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2015.
6. Beige S., and Axhausen K. W. Long-Term Mobility Decisions During the Life Course: Experiences with a Retrospective Survey. Presented at 11th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research, Kyoto, Japan, 2006.
7. De Jong G., Fox J., Daly A., Pieters M., and Smit R. Comparison of Car Ownership Models. Transport Reviews, Vol. 24, No. 4, 2004, pp. 379–408.
8. McElroy D. P. Integrating Transit Pass Ownership into Mode Choice Modelling. PhD dissertation. University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2009.
9. Fatmi M. R., Habib M. A., and Salloum S. A. Modeling Mobility Tool Ownership of Youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2413, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2014, pp. 92–100.
10. Olawole M. O., and Aloba O. Mobility Characteristics of the Elderly and Their Associated Level of Satisfaction with Transport Services in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria. Transport Policy, Vol. 35, 2014, pp. 105–116.
11. Lin T., Xia J., Robinson T. P., Goulias K. G., Church R. L., Olaru D., Tapin J., and Han R. Spatial Analysis of Access to and Accessibility Surrounding Train Stations: A Case Study of Accessibility for the Elderly in Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 39, 2014, pp. 111–120.
12. Perree M. W., Van den Berg P., Arentze T., and Kemperman A. Factors Influencing Social Satisfaction and Loneliness: A Path Analysis. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 45, 2015, pp. 24–31.
13. Enam A., Konduri K. C., Eluru N., and Ravulaparthay S. Relationship Between Well-Being and Daily Time Use of Elderly: Evidence from the Disabilities and Use of Time Survey. Presented at 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2015.
14. Zeitler E., and Buys L. Mobility and Out-of-Home Activities of Older People Living in Suburban Environments: Because I’m a Driver, I Don’t Have a Problem. Ageing and Society, Vol. 35, No. 4, 2014, pp. 1–24.
15. Anowar S., Eluru N., and Miranda-Moreno L. F. Analysis of Vehicle Ownership Evolution in Montreal, Canada using Pseudo Panel Analysis. Transportation, 2015, pp. 1–18.
16. Urban M. S. J. Passenger Car Ownership in the Czech Republic. Presented at International Days of Statistics and Economics, Prague, Sept. 22–23, 2011.
17. Schwanen T., Dijst M., and Dieleman F. M. Leisure Trips of Senior Citizens: Determinants of Modal Choice. Journal of Economic and Social Geography, Vol. 92, No. 3, 2001, pp. 347–360.
18. Potoglou D., and Kanaroglou P. S. Modelling Car Ownership in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Hamilton, Canada. Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 16, 2008, pp. 42–54.
19. Ciari F., Blamer M., and Axhausen K. W. Mobility Tool Ownership and Mode Choice Decision Processes in Multiagent Transportation Simulation. Presented at 7th Swiss Transport Research Conference, Monte Verita, Ascona, Switzerland, 2007.
20. Scott D. M., and Axhausen K. W. Household Mobility Tool Ownership: Modeling Interactions Between Cars and Season Tickets. Transportation, Vol. 33, 2006, pp. 311–328.
21. Hildebrand E. D. Dimensions in Elderly Travel Behaviour: A Simplified Activity-Based Model Using Lifestyle Clusters. Transportation, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2003, pp. 285–306.
22. Greene W. H., and Hensher D. A. A Latent Class Model for Discrete Choice Analysis: Contrasts with Mixed Logit. Transportation Research Part B, Vol. 37, No. 8, 2003, pp. 681–698.
23. Boxall P. C., and Adamowicz W. L. Understanding Heterogeneous Preferences in Random Utility Models: A Latent Class Approach. Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 23, No. 4, 2002, pp. 421–446.
24. Habib M. A., and Miller E. J. Reference-Dependent Residential Location Choice Model Within a Relocation Context. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2133, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009, pp. 92–99.
25. Fatmi M. R., Habib M. A., and Salloum S. A. Modeling Short-Term and Long-Term Responses to the Increase in Gas Price: A Latent Class Modeling Approach. Presented at 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2014.
26. Fatmi M. R., and Habib M. A. Travel Behavior of Carshare Members in Halifax, Canada: Modeling Trip Purpose in Case of the Use of Carshare Services and Mode Choice in Absence of the Service. Presented at 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2014.
27. Rosenbloom S. Sustainability and Automobility Among the Elderly: An International Assessment. Transportation, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2001, pp. 375–408.
28. Walker J. L., and Li J. Latent Lifestyle Preferences and Household Location Decisions. Journal of Geographical Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2007, pp. 77–101.
29. Greene W. H. Fixed and Random Effects in Nonlinear Models. Working Paper EC-01-01. Department of Economics, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, 2001. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1292666. Accessed June 25, 2015.
30. Nylund K. L., Asparouhov T., and Muthen B. O. Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study. Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2007, pp. 535–569.
31. Ross L. A., Anstey K. J., Kiely K. M., Windsor T. D., Byles J. E., Luszcz M. A., and Mitchell P. Older Drivers in Australia: Trends in Driving Status and Cognitive and Visual Impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 57, No. 10, 2009, pp. 1868–1873.
32. Nordbakke S., and Schwanen T. Well-Being and Mobility: A Theoretical Framework and Literature Review Focusing on Older People. Mobilities, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2014, pp. 104–129.
33. Nathan A., Pereira G., Foster S., Hooper P., Saarloos D., and Giles-Corti B. Access to Commercial Destinations Within the Neighbourhood and Walking Among Australian Older Adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2012, p. 133.
34. Sugiyama T., and Thompson C. W. Outdoor Environments, Activity, and the Well-Being of Older People: Conceptualising Environmental Support. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 39, No. 8, 2007, pp. 1943–1960.
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
OR
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Article first published online: January 1, 2016
Issue published: January 2016
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Journals metrics
This article was published in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board.
VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICSArticle usage*
Total views and downloads: 55
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 0
Crossref: 4
- Finite mixture (or latent class) modeling in transportation: Trends, u...
- Factors in the Travel Behaviour of Older People
- Modeling Destination Choice Behavior of the Dockless Bike Sharing Serv...
- Factors Associated with Travel Behavior of Millennials and Older Adult...
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
Get access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.
