![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
When we look at an object as we move or the object moves, our visual system is presented with a sequence of different views of the object. It has been suggested that such regular temporal sequences of views of objects contain information that can aid in the process of representing and recognising objects. We examined whether seeing a series of perspective views of objects in sequence led to more efficient recognition than seeing the same views of objects but presented in a random order. Participants studied images of 20 novel three-dimensional objects rotating in depth under one of two study conditions. In one study condition, participants viewed an ordered sequence of views of objects that was assumed to mimic important aspects of how we normally encounter objects. In the other study condition, participants were presented the same object views, but in a random order. It was expected that studying a regular sequence of views would lead to more efficient recognition than studying a random presentation of object views. Although subsequent recognition accuracy was equal for the two groups, differences in reaction time between the two study groups resulted. Specifically, the random study group responded reliably faster than the sequence study group. Some possible encoding differences between the two groups are discussed.
References
| Bartlett, M S, Sejnowski, T J, 1998 “Learning viewpoint-invariant face representations from visual experience in an attractor network” Network: Computation in Neural Systems 9 399–417 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Becker, S , 1997 “Learning temporally persistent hierarchical representations”, in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9 Eds Mozer, M, Jordan, M, Petsche, T (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) pp 824–830 Google Scholar | |
| Biederman, I , 1987 “Recognition-by-components: A theory of human image understanding” Psychological Review 94 115–147 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Biederman, I , 1995 “Visual object recognition”, in An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Visual Cognition Eds Kosslyn, S M, Osherson, D N (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) pp 121–165 Google Scholar | |
| Bülthoff, H H, Edelman, S, 1992 “Psychophysical support for a two-dimensional view interpolation theory of object recognition” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 89 60–64 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Cutzu, F, Edelman, S, 1994 “Canonical views in object representation and recognition” Vision Research 34 3037–3056 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Edelman, S, Weinshall, S, 1991 “A self-organizing multiple-view representation of 3D objects” Biological Cybernetics 64 209–219 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Eysenck, M W , 1979 “Depth, distinctiveness, and elaboration”, in Levels of Processing: An Approach to Memory Eds Cermak, L, Craik, F I M (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) pp 89–118 Google Scholar | |
| Foldiak, P , 1998 “Learning constancies for object perception”, in Perceptual Constancy: Why Things Look as They Do Eds Walsh, V, Kulikowski, J (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp 144–172 Google Scholar | |
| Greene, R L , 1992 Human Memory: Paradigms and Paradoxes (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) pp 145–151 Google Scholar | |
| Hill, H, Schyns, P G, Akamatsu, S, 1997 “Information and viewpoint dependence in face recognition” Cognition 62 201–222 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Humphrey, G K, Jolicoeur, P, 1993 “An examination of the effects of axis foreshortening, monocular depth cues and visual field on object identification” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 46 137–159 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
| Humphrey, G K, Khan, S C, 1992 “Recognizing novel views of 3D objects” Canadian Journal of Psychology 46 170–190 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Kourtzi, Z, Schiffrar, M, 1997 “One-shot invariance in a moving world” Psychological Science 8 461–466 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Jolicoeur, P, Humphrey, G K, 1998 “Perception of rotated two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects and visual shapes”, in Perceptual Constancy: Why Things Look as They Do Eds Walsh, V, Kulikowski, J (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) pp 69–123 Google Scholar | |
| Lawson, R, Humphreys, G W, Watson, D G, 1994 “Object recognition under sequential viewing conditions: evidence for viewpoint-specific recognition procedures” Perception 23 595–614 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Lowe, D G , 1985 Perceptual Organization and Visual Recognition (Hingham, MA: Kluwer Academic) Google Scholar | Crossref | |
| Miyashita, Y , 1993 “Inferior temporal cortex: where visual perception meets memory” Annual Review of Neuroscience 16 245–263 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Palmer, S E, Rosch, E, Chase, P, 1981 “Canonical perspective and the perception of objects”, in Attention & Performance Eds Long, J, Baddeley, A (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) pp 135–151 Google Scholar | |
| Parga, N, Rolls, E, 1998 “Transform-invariant recognition by association in a recurrent network” Neural Computation 10 1507–1525 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Sakai, K, Miyashita, Y, 1991 “Neural organization for the long-term memory of paired associates” Nature (London) 354 152–154 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Stryker, M P , 1991 “Temporal associations” Nature (London) 354 108–109 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Tarr, M J, Gauthier, I, 1998 “Do view-dependent mechanisms generalize across members of a class?” Cognition 67 73–110 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Wallis, G , 1996 “Presentation order affects human object recognition learning”, in Technical Report No. 36, Max-Planck-Institut für biologische Kybernetik, Tubingen, Germany, pp 1–8 Google Scholar | |
| Wallis, G , 1998 “Spatio-temporal influences at the neural level of object recognition” Network: Computation in Neural Systems 9 265–278 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Wallis, G, Baddeley, R, 1997 “Optimal, unsupervised learning in invariant object recognition” Neural Computation 9 883–894 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Wallis, G, Bülthoff, H, 1999 “Learning to recognize objects” Trends in Cognitive Science 3 22–31 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Wallis, G, Rolls, E, Foldiak, P R, 1993 “Learning invariant responses to the natural transformations of objects” Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks volume 2 (New York: IEEE) pp 1087–1090 Google Scholar | Crossref |
