Abstract
In the popular discourse, it is commonly assumed that mass murderers and mass shooters are different from most criminals in the United States, because they are almost always white. The present study uses data on 308 mass murderers who attacked from 2006 to 2014 to evaluate this assumption, test for racial differences between mass murderers and all other murderers, and identify characteristics of mass murderers’ behavior by race and ethnic group. Findings suggest that, overall, the racial composition of mass murderers is similar to that of other murderers, and thus may be largely explained by similar social forces, such as structural disadvantages and social inequalities. However, there are significant differences across racial and ethnic groups in attack subtype, victims killed, and attack resolution. In particular, the structural advantages and aggrieved entitlement experienced by whites may help explain their involvement in public mass shootings. Further research in both the United States and other countries may shed additional light on the behavior of mass murderers and the broader social forces that shape them.
Dans le discours populaire, on tient généralement pour acquis que les meurtriers de masse sont différents de la majorité des criminels aux États-Unis en raison de la plus grande représentation de la population blanche. La présente étude s’appuie sur les données de 308 tueries de masse qui ont eu lieu de 2006 à 2014 afin d’évaluer la pertinence de cette affirmation, d’examiner les disparités raciales entre les meurtriers de masse et les autres meurtriers et de caractériser le comportement des meurtriers de masse selon la race et le groupe ethnique. Les résultats indiquent que la composition raciale du groupe des meurtriers de masse est dans l’ensemble comparable à celui des autres meurtriers et que le phénomène pourrait donc s’expliquer par des forces sociales telles que les désavantages structurels et les inégalités sociales. Il existe cependant des différences considérables entre les groupes raciaux et ethniques en ce qui concerne les modes opératoires, la nature des victimes tuées et la résolution à commettre le massacre. Les avantages structuraux et la situation de précarité vécue par certains blancs pourraient expliquer leur participation à ces tueries de masse. Des recherches supplémentaires aux États-Unis et dans d’autres pays pourraient apporter un éclairage supplémentaire sur les meurtres de masse et les forces sociales sous-jacentes au phénomène.
En el discurso popular, se asume comúnmente que los asesinos en masa y los francotiradores de masas son diferentes de la mayoría de los criminales en los Estados Unidos, ya que son casi siempre blancos. El presente estudio utiliza datos de 308 masacres entre 2006-2014 para evaluar esta suposición, comprobaxr la existencia de diferencias raciales entre los asesinos en masa y todos los demás asesinos, e identificar las características de comportamiento de los asesinos en masa según raza y grupo étnico. Los resultados sugieren que, en general, la composición racial de los asesinos en masa es similar a la de otros asesinos, y por lo tanto puede explicarse en gran medida por las fuerzas sociales similares, como las desventajas estructurales y las desigualdades sociales. Sin embargo, hay diferencias significativas entre los grupos raciales y étnicos por subtipo ataque, las víctimas asesinadas, y la resolución de ataque. En particular, las ventajas estructurales y los derechos perjudicados experimentados por los blancos pueden ayudar a explicar su participación en fusilamientos masivos públicos. Investigaciones subsecuentes tanto en los Estados Unidos y otros países puede arrojar luz sobre el comportamiento de los asesinos en masa y de las fuerzas sociales más amplias que les dan forma.
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