Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published online January 7, 2022

Mango Diplomacy of South Asian Countries

Abstract

This article examines the mango diplomacy of South Asia’s mango exporting countries. Diplomatic gifts are a common feature of public diplomacy of diplomatic missions globally. There are many prominent examples of that including China’s panda diplomacy and mango diplomacy of South Asia’s mango exporting countries like Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Based on the analysis, this study argues that Pakistan is a dominant actor in terms of mango diplomacy and has an extensive strategy, for example, including mango exhibitions, to increase its mango exports and goodwill in target countries.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Abbas S (2020) Diplomats eating Pakistani mangoes in pure Pakistani style hits. Technology Times, 5 July. Available at: https://www.technologytimes.pk/2020/07/05/diplomats-eating-pakistani-mangoes-in-pure-pakistani-style-hits/ (accessed 20 October 2021).
Ahmad R (2021) Bangladesh 7th largest mango producer in the world. Dhaka Tribune, 18 July. Available at: https://www.dhakatribune.Com/business/economy/2021/07/18/bangladesh-is-top-10-in-global-mango-exporters (accessed 1 November 2021).
Ahmed ZS, Zahoor M (2019) Bangladesh-Pakistan relations: hostage to a traumatic past. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 57(1): 31–51.
Al Jazeera (2019) How yoga diplomacy helps India assert its rising global influence. Al Jazeera, 21 June. Available at: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/6/21/how-yoga-diplomacy-helps-india-assert-its-rising-global-influence (accessed 20 October 2021).
Arjit M (2020) India’s public diplomacy in the twenty-first century: components, objectives and challenges. India Quarterly 76(1): 24–39.
Arun S (2017) India hopes to win Chinese hearts with mangoes. The Hindu, 14 May. Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-hopes-to-win-chinese-hearts-with-mangoes/article18452867.ece (accessed 20 October 2021).
Associated Press (2010) Hillary adds to curious history of mango diplomacy. NDTV, 25 July. Available at: https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/hillary-adds-to-curious-history-of-mango-diplomacy-424977 (accessed 20 October 2021).
Baliyan K (2017) Export performance and competitiveness of Indian mango. Agricultural Situation in India 74(6): 19–26.
BBC (2016) China’s curious cult of the mango. BBC, February 11. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35461265 (accessed 20 October 2021).
Carp D (2007) Finally, America gets a taste of luscious Indian mangoes. The Mint, 3 May. Available at: https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ojpwjsf0JIN3HrbGIGtaoJ/Finally-America-gets-a-taste-of-luscious-Indian-mangoes.html (accessed 20 October 2021).
Connor W (2021) Pakistani Mango Exports to China May Increase This Summer. Producer Report, 13 April. Available at: https://www.producereport.Com/article/pakistani-mango-exports-china-may-increase-summer (accessed 21 October 2021).
Doctor V (2017) How India’s mango diplomacy has been winning friends and foes over the years. The Economic Times, 10 June. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.Com/news/politics-and-nation/how-indias-mango-diplomacy-has-been-winning-friends-and-foes-over-the-years/articleshow/59076409.cms?from=mdr (accessed 22 October 2021).
Freshplaza (2020) Pakistan plans to export 100,000 tons of mango to China this fiscal year. Freshplaza, 3 January. Available at: https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9176696/pakistan-plans-to-export-100-000-tons-of-mango-to-china-this-fiscal-year/
Gupta AK (2013) Soft power of the United States, China, and India: a comparative analysis. Indian Journal of Asian Affairs 26: 37–57.
Hall I (2012) India’s new public diplomacy. Asian Survey 52(6): 1089–1110.
Hanif U (2021) Govt extends date for mango export. The Express Tribune, 29 April. Available at: https://tribune.com.Pk/story/2297296/govt-extends-date-for-mango-export (accessed 24 October 2021).
Hasan P (2021) Bangladesh PM Hasina’s meeting with Pakistani envoy has a message for India. South Asia Monitor, 28 October. Available at: https://www.southasiamonitor.org/spotlight/bangladesh-pm-hasinas-meeting-pakistani-envoy-has-message-india (accessed 28 October 2021).
Hassan M (2021) Bangladesh-Pakistan’s mango diplomacy: what is next? Euro Asia Review, 29 July. Available at: https://www.eurasiareview.com/29072021-bangladesh-pakistans-mango-diplomacy-what-is-next-oped/ (accessed 20 October 2021).
Hassan M, Ahmed ZS (2021) Mango diplomacy is more than low-hanging fruit in South Asian politics. The Interpreter, 13 August. Available at: https://www.lowyinstitute.Org/the-interpreter/mango-diplomacy-more-low-hanging-fruit-south-asian-politics (accessed 20 October 2021).
Hindustan Times (2007) US eager to eat Indian mangoes: bush. Hindustan Times, 2 March. Available at: https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/us-eager-to-eat-indian-mangoes-bush/story-Wg0EMcDB1L8xaIWOl19neO.html (accessed 20 October 2021).
Huang HA, Wang R (2020) ‘Panda engagement’ in China’s digital public diplomacy. Asian Journal of Communication 30(2): 118–140.
Iqbal A (2021) In COVID era, Pakistan turns to mango diplomacy in the US. Dawn, 16 July. Available at: https://www.dawn.com/news/1635206 (accessed 20 October 2021).
Isar YR (2017) Cultural diplomacy: India does it differently. International Journal of Cultural Policy 23(6): 705–716.
Jamal M (2019) How a Pakistan minister’s gift to Mao turned the mango into a divine symbol in China. Scroll, 16 January. Available at: https://scroll.in/article/909584/how-a-pakistan-ministers-gift-to-mao-turned-the-mango-into-a-divine-symbol-in-china (accessed 20 October 2021).
Jamal S (2020) Diplomats fascinated by Pakistan mangoes, share fondness on social media. Gulf News, 4 July. Available at: https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/diplomats-fascinated-by-pakistan-mangoes-share-fondness-on-social-media-1.72409709 (accessed 20 October 2021).
Kalansooriya R (2015) Pakistan’s Mango Diplomacy Hit by Lanka’s Insect Fear. Colombo Telegraph, 31 July. Available at: https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.Php/pakistans-mango-diplomacy-hit-by-lankas-insect-fear/ (accessed 20 October 2021).
Kousar R, Sadaf T, Makhdum MSA, et al. (2019) Competitiveness of Pakistan’s selected fruits in the world market. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 35(4): 1175–1184.
Pacher A (2017) China’s panda diplomacy. The Diplomat, 2 November. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/chinas-panda-diplomacy/ (accessed 20 October 2021).
Palma P (2021) Bangladesh sends mangoes to Asian friends. The Daily Star, 5 July. Available at: https://www.thedailystar.Net/news/bangladesh/news/bangladesh-sends-mangoes-asian-friends-2123471 (accessed 1 November 2021).
Saima S (2019) Middle East emerges as top importer of Pakistani mangoes in 2019. Arab News, 30 September. Available at: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1561386/pakistan (accessed 1 November 2021).
Sarkar S (2019) The prospects for export of mangoes. The Financial Express, 28 June. Available at: https://www.thefinancialexpress.com.Bd/views/the-prospects-for-export-of-mangoes-1561389902 (accessed 1 November 2021).
Statista Research Department (2020) Production volume of mango across India from financial year 2012 to 2019, with an estimate for 2020. Statista Research Department, 22 October. Available at: https://www.statista.Com/statistics/1039683/india-production-volume-of-mango/ (accessed 1 November 2021).
The Economic Times (2007) Indian mangoes land in US after 18 years. The Economic Times, 2 May. Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.Com/industry/cons-products/food/indian-mangoes-land-in-us-after-18-years/articleshow/1993320.cms?from=mdr (accessed 1 November 2021).
The Express Tribune (2020) Mango diplomacy. The Express Tribune, 10 October. Available at: https://tribune.com.Pk/story/2267810/mango-diplomacy (accessed 1 November 2021).
The Nation (2020) Pakistan exports 125,000 tonnes of mangoes despite stiff challenges. The Nation, 23 August. Available at: https://nation.com.pk/23-Aug-2020/pakistan-exports-125-000-tonnes-of-mangoes-despite-stiff-challenges (accessed 1 November 2021).
The Nation (2021) Pakistan, BD send mango gifts to each other. The Nation, 4 August. Available at: https://nation.com.pk/04-Aug-2021/pakistan-bd-send-mango-gifts-to-each-other (accessed 1 November 2021).
The New York Times (1984) When gifts demand subtle high diplomacy. The New York Times, 4 February. Available at: https://www.nytimes.Com/1984/02/04/us/when-gifts-demand-subtle-high-diplomacy.html (accessed 1 November 2021).
The News (2018) PM Imran Khan deposits precious watch gifted by Saudi Crown Prince. The News, 15 November. Available at: https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/394146-pm-imran-khan-deposits-precious-watch-gifted-by-saudi-crown-prince (accessed 1 November 2021).
The News (2021) Pakistan looks at China for boosting mango industry. The News, 10 July. Available at: https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/861928-pakistan-looks-at-china-for-boosting-mango-industry (accessed 1 November 2021).
Wang H, Lu YC (2008) The conception of soft power and its policy implications: a comparative study of China and Taiwan. Journal of Contemporary China 17(56): 425–447.
Weinstein A, Rasool A (2020) US diplomacy in Pakistan: the case of the missing mangoes. The Diplomat, 30 July. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2020/07/us-diplomacy-in-pakistan-the-case-of-the-missing-mangoes/ (accessed 1 November 2021).
World’s Richest Countries (2017) Top mangoes importers 2017. Available at: http://www.worldsrichestcountries.com/top_mango_importers.html (accessed 22 October 2021).
Zafar MS (2021) FO sending mangoes for heads of over 32 countries. The News, 10 June. Available at: https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/847404-fo-sending-mangoes-for-heads-of-over-32-countries (accessed 1 November 2021).
Zang J (2020) Pakistani mangos surpass 2020 export target. Produce Report, 15 September. Available at: https://www.producereport.Com/article/pakistani-mangos-surpass-2020-export-target (accessed 1 November 2021).

Biographies

Zahid Shahab Ahmed is a Research Fellow at the Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Deakin University, Australia. During 2013–2016, he was Assistant Professor at the Centre for International Peace and Stability, National University of Sciences and Technology in Pakistan. He has published extensively on Pakistan’s foreign relations. Among his publications is Regionalism and Regional Security in South Asia: The Role of SAARC (Routledge, 2013).
Muhammad Jahanzaib is a PhD Scholar of International Relations at the International Islamic University, Islamabad.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published online: January 7, 2022

Keywords

  1. Mango diplomacy
  2. South Asia
  3. Pakistan
  4. India
  5. Bangladesh

Rights and permissions

© The Author(s) 2022.
Request permissions for this article.

History

Published online: January 7, 2022

Authors

Affiliations

Muhammad Jahanzaib
International Islamic University, Pakistan

Notes

Zahid Shahab Ahmed, Alfred Deakin Institute, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Journal of Asian and African Studies.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 100

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016

Articles citing this one

Web of Science: 1 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 0

There are no citing articles to show.

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub

Full Text

View Full Text