![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
This article analyzes the role of individual redistributive preferences on protest participation. The article focuses on Latin America, a region that has experienced substantial protests and demonstrations in the last decade, making use of individual-level data on redistributive preferences and protest participation collected across eighteen countries in 2010, 2012, and 2014. The results show evidence for an association between strong individual preferences for redistribution and participation in protests motivated by the low quality of services and institutions, failures to reduce corruption, and perceived lower standards of living. The results are robust to alternative estimators, samples, and model specifications and not affected by endogeneity concerns.
References
|
Acemoglu, Daron, Robinson, James A. 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, Angeletos, George-Marios. 2005a. “Corruption, Inequality and Fairness.” Journal of Monetary Economics 52:1227–44. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, Angeletos, George-Marios. 2005b. “Fairness and Redistribution.” American Economic Review 95 (4): 960–80. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, Cozzi, Guido, Mantovar, Noemi. 2012. “The Evolution of Ideology, Fairness and Redistribution.” Economic Journal 122 (565): 1244–61. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, Giuliano, Paola. 2011. “Preferences for Redistribution.” In Handbook of Social Economics, edited by Benhabib, Jess, Bisin, Alberto, Jackson, Matthew, 93–132. San Diego, CA: North Holland. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, Glaeser, Edward. 2004. Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe: A World of Difference. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, LaFerrara, Eliana. 2005. “Preferences for Redistribution in the Land of Opportunities.” Journal of Public Economics 89:897–931. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Alesina, Alberto, Stantcheva, Stefanie, Teso, Edoardo. 2018. “Intergenerational Mobility and Preferences for Redistribution.” American Economic Review 108 (2): 521–54. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Alexander, Peter . 2010. “Rebellion of the Poor: South Africa’s Service Delivery Protests.” Review of African Political Economy 37 (123): 25–40. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Algan, Yann, Papaioannou, Elias, Passari, Evgenia, Guriev, Sergei. 2018. “The European Trust Crisis and the Rise of Populism.” EBRD Working Paper 208. London. Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3128274. Google Scholar | |
|
Altonji, Joseph, Elder, Tood E., Taber, Christopher. 2005. “Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic School.” Journal of Political Economy 113 (1): 151–84. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Baird, Sarah, Hicks, Joan Hamory, Miguel, Edward. 2008. “Tracking, Attrition and Data Quality in the Kenyan Life Panel Survey Round 1 (KLPS-1).” University of California, Berkeley, Center for International and Development Economics Research, Working Paper. Google Scholar | |
|
Bellinger, Paul T., Arce, Moisés. 2011. “Protest and Democracy in Latin America’s Market Era.” Political Research Quarterly 64 (3): 688–704. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bellows, John, Miguel, Edward. 2009. “War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone.” Journal of Public Economics 93:1144–57. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Benabou, Roland, Ok, Efe A.. 2001. “Mobility as Progressivity: Ranking Income Processes According to Equality of Opportunity.” NBER Working paper 8431. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Biekart, Kees 2015. “The choice of the new Latin American middle classes: Sharing or self-caring.” European Journal of Development Research 27 (2): 238–45. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Boix, Carles . 2008. “Economic Roots of Civil Wars and Revolutions in the Contemporary World.” World Politics 60 (3): 390–437. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Booth, John, Seligson, Mitchell. 2009. The Legitimacy Puzzle in Latin America. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brady, Henry, Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay S.. 1995. “Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation.” American Political Science Review 89:271–94. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bruhn, Katherine . 2008. Urban Protest in Mexico and Brazil. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bush, Ray . 2010. “Food Riots: Poverty, Power and Protest.” Journal of Agrarian Change 10 (1): 119–29. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Calvo, Ernesto, Moscovich, Lorena. 2017. “Inequality, Protests, and the Progressive Allocation of Cash Transfers in the Argentine Provinces.” Latin American Politics and Society 59 (2): 3–26. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Campante, Filipe, Chor, David. 2012. “Why Was the Arab World Poised for Revolution? Schooling, Economic Opportunities and the Arab Spring.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 26 (2): 167–87. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Castillo, Juan C., Palacios, Diego, Joignant, Alfredo, Tham, Maximiliano. 2015. “Inequality, Distributive Justice and Political Participation: An Analysis of the Case of Chile.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 34 (4): 486–502. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Coleman, James . 1974. Power and the Structure of Society. New York: W. W. Norton. Google Scholar | |
|
Corak, Miles . 2013. “Income Inequality, Equality of Opportunity, and Intergenerational Mobility.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 27 (3): 79–102. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Cruces, Guillermo, Perez-Truglia, Ricardo, Tetaz, Martin. 2013. “Biased Perceptions of Income Distribution and Preferences for Redistribution: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.” Journal of Public Economics 98:100–12. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Dalton, Russell, Sickle, Alix Van, Weldon, Steven. 2010. “The Individual–Institutional Nexus of Protest Behaviour.” British Journal of Political Science 40 (1): 51–73. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
della Porta, Donatella . 1995. Social Movements, Political Violence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Devarajan, Shantayanan, Ianchovichina, Elena. 2018. “A Broken Social Contract, Not High Inequality, Led to the Arab Spring.” Review of Income and Wealth 64: S5–S25. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto, Estevez, Federico, Magaloni, Beatriz. 2012. Strategies of Vote Buying: Democracy, Clientelism and Poverty Relief in Mexico. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Accessed October 21, 2016. http://web.stanford.edu/∼magaloni/dox/2012strategiesvotebuying.pdf. Google Scholar | |
|
Dubrow, Joshua Kjerulf, Slomczynski, Kazimierz M., Tomescu-Dubrow, Irina. 2008. “Effects of Democracy and Inequality on Soft Political Protest in Europe: Exploring the European Social Survey Data.” International Journal of Sociology 38 (3): 36–51. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Finkel, Steven, Muller, Edward. 1998. “Rational Choices and the Dynamics of Collective Political Action: Evaluating Alternative Models with Panel Data.” American Political Science Review 92:37–49. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Fukuyama, Francis . 2015. “The Middle Class Revolution.” Accessed January 23, 2019. http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323873904578571472700348086. Google Scholar | |
|
Gerber, Alan S., Karlan, Dean, Bergan, Daniel. 2009. “Does the Media Matter? A Field Experiment Measuring the Effect of Newspapers on Voting Behavior and Political Opinions.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1 (2): 35–52. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gingerich, Daniel W. 2009. “Corruption and Political Decay: Evidence From Bolivia.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 4:1–34. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
González, Felipe, Miguel, Edward. 2015. “War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone: A Comment on the Use of Coefficient Stability Approaches.” Journal of Public Economics 128:30–33. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Goodwin, Jeff, Jasper, James. 2003. Rethinking Social Movements: Structure, Meaning and Emotion. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar | |
|
Gurr, Ted R. 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Hirschman, Albert O., Rothschild, Michael. 1973. “The Changing Tolerance for Income Inequality in the Course of Economic Development; with a Mathematical Appendix.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 87 (4): 544–66. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hollyer, James R., Peter Rosendorff, B., Vreeland, James R.. 2015. “Transparency, Protest, and Autocratic Instability.” American Political Science Review 109 (4): 764–84. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Huntington, Samuel P. 2006. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Klandermans, Bert, van der Toorn, Jojanneke, van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien. 2008. “Embeddedness and Identity: How Immigrants Turn Grievances into Action.” American Sociological Review 73 (6): 992–1012. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Klor, Esteban, Shayo, Moses. 2010. “Social Identity and Preferences over Redistribution.” Journal of Public Economics 94 (3-4): 269–78. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Grande, Edgar, Dolezal, Martin, Helbling, Marc, Hogling, Dominic, Hutter, Swen, Wuest, Bruno. 2012. Political Conflict in Western Europe. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Layton, Matthew L. 2014. “The World Cup and Protests: What Ails Brazil?” Americas Barometer Insights Series 106. Latin American Public Opinion Project. Vanderbilt University. Google Scholar | |
|
Lichbach, Mark . 1989. “An Evaluation of ‘Does Economic Inequality Breed Political Conflict?’ Studies.” World Politics 41 (4): 431–70. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
López, García, Isabel, Ana 2017. “Legislative Coalition Size and Antigovernment Protests in Latin America.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 9(3): 91–120. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Luttmer, Erzo F. P. 2001. “Group Loyalty and the Taste for Redistribution.” Journal of Political Economy 109 (3): 500–28. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Maas, Cora J. M., Hox, Joop J.. 2004. “The Influence of Violations of Assumptions on Multilevel Parameter Estimates and Their Standard Errors.” Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 46 (3): 427–40. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Machado, Fabiana, Scartascini, Carlos, Tommasi, Mariano. 2011. “Political Institutions and Street Protests in Latin America.” Journal of Conflict Resolution 55 (3): 340–65. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Madestam, Andreas, Shoag, Daniel, Veuger, Stan, Yanagizawa-Drott, David. 2013. “Do Political Protests Matter? Evidence from the Tea Party Movement.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 128 (4): 1633–85. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Manacorda, Marco, Tesei, Andrea. 2016. “Liberation Technology: Mobile Phones and Political Mobilization in Africa.” Working Paper 785. London: School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London. Google Scholar | |
|
McAdam, Doug . 1986. “Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.” American Journal of Sociology 92:64–90. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, John, Zald, Mayer. 1988. “Social Movements.” In Handbook of Sociology, 695-737, edited by Smelser, Neil J. . 695–737, London, UK: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
McCarthy, John, Zald, Mayer N.. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82:1212–41. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
McClurg, Scott . 2003. “Social Networks and Political Participation: The Role of Social Interaction in Explaining Political Participation.” Political Research Quarterly 56 (4): 449–64. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
McKenzie, David . 2012. “Beyond Baseline and Follow-Up: The Case for More t in Experiments.” Journal of Development Economics 99 (2): 210–21. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Meltzer, Allan H., Richard, Scott F.. 1981. “A rational theory of the size of government.” Journal of Political Economy 89(6): 914–27. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Morgan, Stephen, Grusky, David B., Fields, Gary. 2006. Mobility and Inequality: Frontiers of Research in Sociology and Economics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Moseley, Mason W. 2015. “Contentious Engagement: Understanding Protest Participation in Latin American Democracies.” Journal of Politics in Latin America 7(3): 3–48. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Nollert, Michael . 1995. “Neocorporatism and Political Protest in the Western Democracies: A Cross-National Analysis.” In The Politics of Social Protest: Comparative Perspectives on States and Social Movements, edited by Craig Jenkins, J., Klandermans, Bert, 68–81. London, UK: University College of London Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Oberschall, Anthony . 1973. Social Conflict and Social Movements. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Google Scholar | |
|
Olsen, Marvin E. 1968. “Perceived Legitimacy of Social Protest Actions.” Social Problems 15:297–310. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ortiz, Isabel, Burke, Sara, Berrada, Mohamed, Cortes, Hernan. 2013. World Protests 2006-2013. New York: IPD Columbia University and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Oster, Emily . 2017. “Unobservable Selection and Coefficient Stability: Theory and Validation.” Journal of Business Economics and Statistics 1–18. Google Scholar | |
|
Paxton, Pamela . 2002. “Social Capital and Democracy: An Interdependent Relationship.” American Sociological Review 67:254–77. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pohlman, John T., Leitner, Dennis W.. 2003. “A Comparison of Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic Regression.” The Ohio Journal of Science 103 (5): 118–25. Google Scholar | |
|
Ponticelli, Jacopo, Voth, Hans-Joachim. 2011. “Austerity and Anarchy: Budget Cuts and Social Unrest in Europe 1919-2008.” CEPR Discussion Paper 8513. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research. Google Scholar | |
|
Putnam, Robert . 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Safa, Helen Icken . 1990. “Women’s Social Movements in Latin America.” Gender & Society 4 (3): 354–69. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Scartascini, Carlos, Tommasi, Mariano. 2012. “The Making of Policy: Institutionalized or Not?” American Journal of Political Science 56 (4): 787–801. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Snijders, Tom A. B., Bosker, Roel J.. 1999. Multilevel Analysis. London, UK: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Solt, Frederick . 2015. “Economic Inequality and Nonviolent Protest.” Social Science Quarterly 96 (5): 1314–27. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Tarrow, Sidney . 1989. Democracy and Disorder: Protest and Politics in Italy 1965-1975. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Tarrow, Sidney . 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Teorell, Jan, Dahlberg, Stefan, Holmberg, Sören, Rothstein, Bo, Hartmann, Felix, Svensson, Richard. 2015. “The Quality of Government Standard Dataset.” version Jan15. University of Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute. Accessed January 25, 2016. http://www.qog.pol.gu.se. Google Scholar | |
|
Tilly, Charles . 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar | |
|
Tilly, Charles, Sidney, Tarrow. 2015. Contentious Politics, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Valenzuela, Sebastián . 2013. “Unpacking the Use of Social Media for Protest Behavior: The Roles of Information, Opinion Expression, and Activism.” American Behavioral Scientist 57 (7): 920–42. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
van Stekelenburg, Jacquelian, Klandermans, Bert. 2007. “Individuals in Movements: A Social Psychology of Contention.” In Handbook of Social Movements across Disciplines, edited by Klandermans, Bert, Roggeband, Conny, 157–204. New York: Springer. Google Scholar | |
|
Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay L., Brady, Henry. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Verme, Paolo, Milanovic, Branko, Al-Shawarby, Sherine, Tawila, Sahar El, Gadallah, May, El-Majeed, Enas Ali A.. 2014. Inside Inequality in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Facts and Perceptions across People, Time, and Space. Washington, DC: World Bank. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Weinberg, Joe, Bakker, Ryan. 2015. “Let Them Eat Cake: Food Prices, Domestic Policy and Social Unrest.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 32 (3): 309–26. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Yanagizawa-Drott, David . 2014. “Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129 (4): 1947–94. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |
