Abstract
A fundamental contradiction anchors contemporary sport: for many, it exemplifies racial transcendence; yet racism continues to shape play, persona, and possibilities. For Black athletes, in particular, it opens a space of overdetermination, constraining representation and reception, while challenging their humanity. Following Joe Feagin (2009), this article suggests the white racial frame offers a means of accounting for and unpacking the persistent force of race in a society determined to be beyond—or better said, done with—it. Recent panics around Kobe Bryant center the analysis. A close reading of media coverage and fan commentary reveals a troubling discursive pattern of racialization and sexualization. Indeed, especially in online forums, this discourse actively seizes upon the All-Pro forward to rearticulate supposedly antiquated formulations of difference and reanimate the prevailing hierarchies anchored in them. Ultimately, popular reception and representation of Bryant exposes not only the persistent myths of black masculinity at the heart of the white racial frame, but also suggest the ways in which they make it impossible for African Americans (athlete or not) to transcend them, redeem themselves in a white world, or claim dignity and humanity.
|
Alexander, M. ( 2010). New Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness . New York, NY: New Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Brett Favre fine undercuts Goodell. (2010, December 29). Retrieved from http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/commentary/news/story?id=5967196 Google Scholar | |
|
Cole, C.L. , & Andrews D.L. ( 2001). America’s new son: Tiger Woods and America’s multiculturalism. In D. L. Andrews & S. J. Jackson (Eds.), Sports stars: The cultural politics of sporting celebrity (pp. 70-86). New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Feagin, J.R. ( 2009). The white racial frame: Centuries of racial framing and counter-framing. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Gray, H. ( 2010). Culture, masculinity, and the time after race. In H. Gray & M. Barris-Gomez , Eds., Toward a sociology of the trace (pp. 87-108). Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Hill, J. ( 2010, December 29). Brett Favre fine undercuts Goodell. Retrieved from http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/commentary/news/story?id=5967196 Google Scholar | |
|
Hill, M.L. ( 2010, November 17). Strict gun laws are bad for blacks: Why African-Americans should value Second Amendment protections. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/opinions/2010/11/17/2010-11-17_strict_gun_laws_are_bad_for_blacks_why_africanamericans_should_value_second_amen.html Google Scholar | |
|
Jackson, R. ( 2006). Scripting the black masculine body: Identity, discourse, and racial politics in popular media. New York: State University of New York Press. Google Scholar | |
|
King, C.R. , & Leonard, D.J. ( 2010, April 14). Race, redemption, and respectability: White racism in athletics. Retrieved from http://www.racismreview.com/blog/2010/04/14/race-redemption-and-respectability-white-racism-in-athletics/ Google Scholar | |
|
LaFaye, T. ( 2010, May 20). Kobe Bryant accosted outside Lakers’ locker room. Retrieved from http://mytensense.com/2009/05/kobe-bryant-accosted-outside-lakers-locker-room/ Google Scholar | |
|
Leonard, D.J. ( 2010, December 10). Call of duty? Kobe and virtual warfare. Retrieved from http://newblackman.blogspot.com/2010/12/call-of-duty-kobe-and-virtual-warfare.html Google Scholar | |
|
Leonard, D.J. , & King, C.R. ( 2010, April 16). White is right: Ben Roethlisberger and the power of privilege. Retrieved from http://newblackman.blogspot.com/2010/04/ben-roethlisberger-and-power-of.html Google Scholar | |
|
Leonard, D.J. ( 2004) The Next MJ or the next OJ? Kobe Bryant, Race and the Absurdity of Colorblind Rhetoric. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 28, 284-313. Retrieved from http://jss.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/28/3/284 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Reynell, P. ( 2010, June 18). Theater of the absurd: Lakers’ awkward post-game. Retrieved from http://www.pickinsplinters.com/2010/06/18/theater-of-the-absurd-lakers-awkward-post-game-after-5th-title/ Google Scholar | |
|
Russell, K. ( 1998). The color of crime: Racial hoaxes, white fear, black protectionism, police harassment, and other macroaggressions. New York: New York University Press Google Scholar | |
|
Sobel, R. ( 2009, November 12). Sesame Street’ tradition of athletics . Retrieved from http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=sobel/091112 Google Scholar | |
|
Williams, R. ( 1998). Living at the crossroads: Exploration in race, nationality, sexuality, and gender. In W. Lubiano (Ed.), The house that race built (pp. 136-156). New York, NY: Vintage Books. Google Scholar |
