![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Scholarly work has discussed the ways in which stigmatized groups may resist their stigma, along with various resources at their disposal that facilitate such resistance. However, it has not explicitly considered how organization can serve as one such resource. Bringing into dialogue scholarly work on stigma, organizations, and social movements, this article examines the role of organization as a key resource for managing and resisting stigma. In doing so, it draws from a comparative analysis of two groups of dumpster divers in New York City. It finds that whereas informal social organization allowed one group to develop shared views regarding the practice, formal collective organization enabled another group to confront the stigma itself. The findings therefore highlight the role of organization in both mitigating shared stigma and challenging its basis—thereby providing insights into the social conditions of stigma management and the collective resources at the disposal of stigmatized groups.
References
|
Adler, Patricia A., Adler, Peter. 1987. Membership Roles in Field Research. London, England: Sage Publications. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Anderson, Leon, Snow, David A., Cress, Daniel. 1994. “Negotiating the Public Realm: Stigma Management and Collective Action among the Homeless.” Pp. 121–43 in The Community of “the Streets,” edited by Lofland, Lyn, Cahill, Spencer E. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Anderson, Leon, Taylor, Jimmy D. 2010. “Standing Out While Fitting In: Serious Leisure Identities and Aligning Actions among Skydivers and Gun Collectors.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 39:34–59. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Armstrong, Elizabeth A. 2002. Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950-1994. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Barnard, Alex V. 2011. “‘Waving the Banana’ at Capitalism: Political Theater and Social Movement Strategy among New York’s ‘Freegan’ Dumpster Divers.” Ethnography 12(4):419–44. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Benford, Robert D., Snow, David A. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26:611–39. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Brosius, Nina, Fernandez, Karen V., Cherrier, Hélène. 2013. “Reacquiring Consumer Waste: Treasure in Our Trash?” Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 32(2):286–301. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Carolsfeld, Anna Lúcia, Erikson, Susan L. 2013. “Beyond Desperation: Motivations for Dumpster™ Diving for Food in Vancouver.” Food & Foodways 21(4):245–66. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Clarke, Dylan . 2004. “The Raw and the Rotten: Punk Cuisine.” Ethnology 43(1):19–31. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Clemens, Elisabeth S. 1996. “Organizational Form as Frame: Collective Identity and Political Strategy in the American Labor Movement.” Pp. 205–26 in Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., Zald, M. N. New York: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cohen, Albert K. [1955] 1997. “A General Theory of Subcultures.” Pp. 50–59 in The Subcultures Reader, edited by Gelder, Ken, Thornton, Sarah. 1st ed. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Dalton, Melville . 1959. Men Who Manage: Fusions of Feeling and Theory in Administration. New York: Wiley. Google Scholar | |
|
Douglas, Mary . 1966. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London, England: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Duneier, Mitchell . 1999. Sidewalk. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Google Scholar | |
|
Epstein, Steven . 1996. Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Falk, Gerhard . 2001. Stigma: How We Treat Outsiders. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Fernandez, Karen V., Brittain, Amanda J., Bennett, Sandra D. 2011. “‘Doing the Duck’: Negotiating the Resistant-consumer Identity.” European Journal of Marketing 45(11–12):1779–88. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ferrell, Jeff . 2006. Empire of Scrounge: Inside the Urban Underground of Dumpster Diving, Trash Picking, and Street Scavenging. New York: New York University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Fine, Gary Alan . 1998. Morel Tales: The Culture of Mushrooming. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Fine, Gary Alan . 2003. “Towards a Peopled Ethnography: Developing Theory from Group Life.” Ethnography 4(1):41–60. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Fine, Gary Alan . 2004. Everyday Genius: Self-taught Art and the Culture of Authenticity. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Gamson, Josh . 1989. “Silence, Death, and the Invisible Enemy: AIDS Activism and Social Movement ‘Newness.’” Social Problems 36(4):351–67. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gamson, William A., Meyer, David S. 1996. “Accessing Public, Media, Electoral and Government Agendas.” Pp. 275–90 in Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements: Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, edited by McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, John D., Zald, Mayer N. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Goffman, Erving . 1963. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Google Scholar | |
|
Goffman, Erving . 1974. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Gowan, Teresa . 2010. Hobos, Hustlers, and Backsliders: Homeless in San Francisco. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Gussow, Zachary, Tracy, George S. 1968. “Status, Ideology, and Adaptation to Stigmatized Illness: A Study of Leprosy.” Human Organization 27(4):316–25. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kitsuse, John I. 1980. “Coming Out All over: Deviants and the Politics of Social Problems.” Social Problems 28(1):2–12. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kurutz, Steven . 2007. “Not Buying It.” The New York Times, June 21. Retrieved March 7, 2013 (http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/garden/21freegan.html). Google Scholar | |
|
Lemert, Edwin M. 1951. Social Pathology: A Systematic Approach to the Theory of Sociopathic Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar | |
|
Link, Bruce G., Phelan, Jo C. 2001. “Conceptualizing Stigma.” Annual Review of Sociology 27(1):363–85. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
McCarthy, John D., Zald, Mayer N. 1977. “Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 82(6):1212–41. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Miles, Matthew B., Huberman, A. Michael 1994 Qualitative Data Analysis. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Google Scholar | |
|
Nguyen, Hieu P., Chen, Steven, Mukherjee, Sayantani. 2014. “Reverse Stigma in the Freegan Community.” Journal of Business Research 67:1877–84. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Oyserman, Daphna, Swim, Janet K. 2001. “Stigma: An Insider’s View.” Journal of Social Issues 57(1):1–14. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Riessman, Catherine Kohler . 2000. “Stigma and Everyday Resistance Practices: Childless Women in South India.” Gender & Society 14(1):111–35. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Samson, Judy . 2011. “Freegans Salvage Food Dumpster Diving.” The Lantern, January 23. Retrieved March 7, 2013 (http://thelantern.com/2011/01/freegans-salvage-food-dumpster-diving). Google Scholar | |
|
Schwartz, Michael . 1976. Radical Protest and Social Structure: The Southern Farmers’ Alliance and Cotton Tenancy, 1880-1890. New York: Academic Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Simmel, Georg . 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. Translated by Wolff, Kurt H. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Snow, David A., Anderson, Leon. 1987. “Identity Work among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities.” American Journal of Sociology 92(6):1336–71. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Snow, David A., Anderson, Leon. 1993. Down on Their Luck: A Study of Homeless Street People. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Snow, David A., Benford, Robert D. 1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization.” International Social Movement Research 1:197–217. Google Scholar | |
|
Snow, David A., Rochford, E. Burke, Worden, Steven K., Benford, Robert D. 1986. “Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization, and Movement Participation.” American Sociological Review 51(4):464–81. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sykes, Gresham, Matza, David. 1957. “Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 22(6):664–70. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Taylor, James R., Every, Elizabeth J. Van. 2000. The Emergent Organization: Communication as Its Site and Surface. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Google Scholar | |
|
Thoits, Peggy A. 2011. “Resisting the Stigma of Mental Illness.” Social Psychology Quarterly 74(1):6–28. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Whitesel, Jason . 2014. Fat Gay Men: Girth, Mirth, and the Politics of Stigma. New York: New York University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Zajicek, Anna M., Koski, Patricia R. 2003. “Strategies of Resistance to Stigmatization among White Middle-class Singles.” Sociological Spectrum 23(3):377–403. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Zald, Mayer N., Ash, Roberta. 1966. “Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change.” Social Forces 44(3):327–41. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |
