Powers of Romance: The Liminal Challenges of Managing Organizational Intimacy

First Published September 28, 2014 Research Article

Authors

12
 
University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
 
Nova School of Business and Economics, Lisbon, Portugal
by this author
, 2
 
Nova School of Business and Economics, Lisbon, Portugal
by this author
, 345
 
Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
 
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
 
Business Research Unit (ISCTE-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
by this author
,
2
 
Nova School of Business and Economics, Lisbon, Portugal
by this author
...
First Published Online: September 28, 2014

Problematic organizational relationships have recently been at the core of highly visible media coverage. Most analyses of sexual relations in organizations have been, however, simplistic and unidimensional, and have placed insufficient systematic emphasis on the role of governmentality in the social construction of organizational romance. In this article, we proceed in two theoretical steps. First, we elaborate a typology of organizational romance that covers different manifestations of this nuanced process. We think of these as organizational strategies of governmentality. Second, we elaborate and identify liminal cases that fall into the interstices of the four predominant ways of managing sexual relationships in organizations. We think of these as vases of liquid love and life that evade the border controls of regulation by governmentality. Finally, we relate these issues to debates about the nature of the civilizational process and suggest hypotheses for future research.

Appelbaum, S. H., Marinescu, A., Klenin, J., Bytautas, J. (2007). Fatal attractions: The (mis) management of workplace romance. International Journal of Business Research, 7, 31-43.
Google Scholar
Argandoña, A. (2011). Beyond contracts: Love in firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 99, 77-85.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ariani, M. G., Ebrahimi, S. S., Saeedi, A. (2011). Managing workplace romance; a headache for human resource leaders. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 19. Retrieved from www.ipedr.com/vol19/19-ICAMS2011-A00040.pdf
Google Scholar
Ashkanasy, N. M., Hartel, C. E. J., Zerbe, W. J. (Eds.). (2012). Experiencing and managing emotions in the workplace (Research on Emotion in Organizations, Vol. 8). London, England: Emerald.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 315-338.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Barsade, S. G., O’Neil, O. A. (2014). What’s love got to do with it? The influence of a culture of companionate love in the long-term care setting. Administrative Science Quarterly. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0001839214538636.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bauman, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Z. (2003). Liquid love: On the frailty of human bonds. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Google Scholar
Bennis, W., Cherniss, C., Goleman, D. (2011). The emotionally intelligent workplace. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Bercovici, J. (2007). The workplace romance and sexual favoritism: Creating a dialogue between social science and the law of sexual harassment. Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 16, 183-214
Google Scholar
Berebitsky, J. (2012). Sex and the office. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Google Scholar
Biggart, N. W. (1989). Charismatic capitalism: Direct selling organizations in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Bolino, M. C. (1999). Citizenship and impression management: Good soldiers or good actors? Academy of Management Review, 24, 82-98.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Boltanski, L., Thévenot, L. (2006). On justification: The economies of worth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C. (1990). Reproduction in education, society, and culture (2nd ed.) London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Boyd, C. (2010). The debate over prohibition of romance in the workplace. Journal of Business Ethics, 97, 325-338.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Brewis, J., Linstead, S. (2000). Sex, work and sex work: Eroticizing organization. London, England: Routledge.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Burkitt, I. (1996). Civilization and ambivalence. British Journal of Sociology, 47, 135-150.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Burrell, G. (1984). Sex and organizational analysis. Organization Studies, 5, 97-118.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Burrell, G. (1987) No accounting for sexuality. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 12, 89-101.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Burrell, G., Hearn, J. (1989). The sexuality of organization. In Hearn, J., Sheppard, D. L., Tancred-Smith, P., Burrell, G. (Eds.), The sexuality of organization (pp. 1-28). London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Butler, J. (1993). Bodies that matter. London, England: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Buzzanell, P. M., D’Enbeau, S. (2014). Intimate, ambivalent and erotic mentoring: Popular culture and mentor-mentee relational processes in Mad Men. Human Relations, 67, 695-714.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Caldwell, C., Dixon, R. D. (2010). Love, forgiveness, and trust: Critical values of the modern leader. Journal of Business Ethics, 93, 91-101.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Clegg, S. R., Baumeler, C. (2010). Essai: From iron cages to liquid modernity in organization analysis. Organization Studies, 31, 1713-1733.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Clegg, S. R., Courpasson, D., Phillips, N. (2006). Power and organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Clegg, S. R., Cunha, M. P., Rego, A. (2012). The theory and practice of utopia in a total institution: The pineapple panopticon. Organization Studies, 33, 1735-1757.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Clegg, S. R., van Iterson, A. (2013). The effects of liquefying place, time, and organizational boundaries on employee behavior: Lessons of classical sociology. [email protected]@gement, 16, 621-635.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Côté, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 459-488.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Courpasson, D. (2000). Managerial strategies of domination: Power in soft bureaucracies. Organization Studies, 21, 141-161.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Covaleski, M. A., Dirsmith, M. W., Heian, J. B., Samuel, S. (1998). The calculated and the avowed: Techniques of discipline and struggles over identity in big six public accounting firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 293-327.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Cunha, M. P., Clegg, S. R., Kamoche, K. (2006). Surprises in management and organization: Concept, sources, and a typology. British Journal of Management, 17, 317-329.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Cunha, M. P., Guimarães-Costa, N., Rego, A., Clegg, S. R. (2010). Leading and following (un)ethically in Limen. Journal of Business Ethics, 97, 189-206.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Das, D., Dharwadkar, R., Brandes, P. (2008). The importance of being “Indian”: Identity centrality and work outcomes in an off-shored call center in India. Human Relations, 61, 1499-1530.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Dean, M. (2010). Governmentality: Power and rule in modern society (2nd ed.). London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Detert, J., Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit voice theories: Taken-for-granted rules of self-censorship at work. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 461-488.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Di Domenico, M. L., Fleming, P. (2009). “It’s a guesthouse not a brothel”: Policing sex in the home-workplace. Human Relations, 62, 245-269.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Dionysiou, D. D., Tsoukas, H. (2012). Understanding the (re)creation of routines from within: A symbolic interactionist perspective. Academy of Management Review, 38, 181-205. doi:10.5465/amr.2011.0215
Google Scholar | Crossref
Duerr, H. P. (1988). Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozess: Nacktheit und Scham [The Myth of the Civilizing Process: Shame and Nudity]. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp.
Google Scholar
Duerr, H. P. (1990). Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozess: Intimität [The Myth of the Civilizing Process: Intimacy]. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp.
Google Scholar
Duerr, H. P. (1993). Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozess: Obszönität und Gewalt [The Myth of the Civilizing Process: Obsecenity and Violence]. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp.
Google Scholar
Duerr, H. P. (1997). Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozess: Der erotische Leib [The Myth of the Civilizing Process: The Erotic Life]. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp.
Google Scholar
Duerr, H. P. (2002). Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozess: Die Tatsachen des Lebens [Die Tatsachen des Lebens: The Facts of Life]. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp.
Google Scholar
Dutton, J. E. (2003). Energize your workplace: How to create and sustain high-quality connections at work. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Edwardes, C. (2014, January 29). Jon Snow on sex, sexism and sexploitation. London Evening Standard. Retrieved from http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/jon-snow-on-sex-sexism-and-sexploitation-9087768.html
Google Scholar
Elfenbein, H. A. (2007). Emotion in organizations. Academy of Management Annals, 1, 315-386.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Elias, N. (2000). The civilizing process: Sociogenetic and psychogenetic investigations. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Elias, N., Dunning, E. (1986). Quest for excitement: Sport and leisure in the civilizing process. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Engels, F. E. (1977). The condition of the working class in England. London, England: Progress Publishers. (Original work published 1845)
Google Scholar
Farh, C. I. C., Chien, S. M., Tesluk, P. E. (2012). Emotional intelligence, teamwork effectiveness, and job performance: The moderating role of job context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 890-900.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Fein, E., Schneider, S. (1995). The rules: Time-tested secrets for capturing the heart of Mr. Right. Los Angeles, CA: Warner Books.
Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, L. F., Drasgow, F., Hulin, C. L., Gelfand, M. J., Magley, V. J. (1997). Antecedents and consequences of sexual harassment in organizations: A test of an integrated model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 578-589.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Flam, H. (1993). Fear, loyalty and greedy organizations. In Fineman, S. (Ed.), Emotion in organizations (pp. 58-75). London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Fleming, P., Sewell, G. (2002). Looking for the good soldier, Svejk: Alternative modalities of resistance in the contemporary workplace. Sociology, 36, 857-873.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Fleming, P., Spicer, A. (2004). “You can checkout anytime, but you can never leave”: Spatial boundaries in a high commitment organization. Human Relations, 57, 75-94.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Fletcher, J. (1997). Violence and civilization: An introduction to the work of Norbert Elias. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. In Dreyfus, H. L., Rabinow, P. (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208-226). London, England: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Fox, E. (2012). Rainy brain, sunny brain. London, England: William Heinemann.
Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1964). Civilization, society, and religion (Penguin Freud Library, Vol. 12). London, England: Penguin Books.
Google Scholar
Gabriel, Y. (1995). The unmanaged organization: Stories, fantasies and subjectivity. Organization Studies, 16, 477-475.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Gabriel, Y. (1999). Organizations in depth: The psychoanalysis of organizations. London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Gabriel, Y. (2005). Glass cages and glass palaces: Images of organization in image-conscious times. Organization, 12, 9-27.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Garvin, D. A. (2013, December). How Google sold its engineers on management. Harvard Business Review, pp. 74-82.
Google Scholar | Medline
Gittell, J. H. (2003). The Southwest way. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Google Scholar
Gittell, J. H. (2006). Relational coordination: Coordinating work through relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge and mutual respect. In Kyriakidou, O., Ozbilgin, M. (Eds.), Relational perspectives in organizational studies: A research companion (pp. 74-94). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishers.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. (2008, September). Social intelligence and the biology of leadership. Harvard Business Review, pp. 74-81.
Google Scholar | Medline
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-178.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Greisman, H. C. (1976). Disenchantment of the world: Romanticism, aesthetics and sociological theory. British Journal of Sociology, 27, 495-507.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Guillén, M. (1994). Models of management: Work, authority and organization in a comparative perspective. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Gutek, B. A. (1985). Sex and the workplace. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Hamel, G. (2012). What matters now. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Heaphy, E. D., Dutton, J. E. (2008). Positive social interactions and the human body at work: Linking organizations and physiology. Academy of Management Review, 33, 137-162.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Hearn, J., Parkin, W. (1987). “Sex” at “Work”: The power and paradox of sexuality. Brighton, UK: Wheatshek.
Google Scholar
Hewlett, S. A., Luce, C. B. (2006, December). Extreme jobs: The dangerous allure of the 70-hour workweek. Harvard Business Review, pp. 49-59.
Google Scholar | Medline
Illouz, E. (2012). Why love hurts. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Google Scholar
Kaipa, P., Kriger, M. (2010). Empowerment, vision, and positive leadership: An interview with Alan Mulally, former CEO, Boeing Commercial—Current CEO, Ford Motor Company. Journal of Management Inquiry, 19, 110-115.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. American Sociological Review, 33, 499-517.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Karl, K. A., Sutton, C. L. (2000). An examination of the perceived fairness of workplace romance policies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14, 429-442.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Kellaway, L. (2002, February). Love is in the air. Financial Times, pp. 4, 6.
Google Scholar
Kets de Vries, M. F. R. (2001). Creating authentizotic organizations: Well-functioning individuals in vibrant companies. Human Relations, 54, 101-111.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Kilminster, R. (2007). Norbert Elias: Post-philosophical sociology. London, England: Routledge.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Kiser, S. B., Coley, T., Ford, M., Moore, E. (2006). Coffee, tea, or me? Romance and sexual harassment in the workplace. Southern Business Review, 31, 35-49.
Google Scholar
Kjonstad, B., Willmott, H. (1995). Business ethics: Restrictive or empowering? Journal of Business Ethics, 14, 445-464.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Koban, E. S., Steven, B. W. (2008). Emotional intelligence competencies in the team and team leader. Journal of Management Development, 27, 55-75.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Kouzes, J. M., Posner, B. Z. (1992). Ethical leaders: An essay about being in love. Journal of Business Ethics, 11, 479-484.
Google Scholar | Crossref
LeBlanc, M. M., Barling, J. (2004). Workplace aggression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 9-12.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Lees, S. (1993). Sugar and spice: Sexuality and adolescent girls. London, England: Penguin Books.
Google Scholar
Leite, A. P. (2012). O amor como princípio de gestão [Love as a Principle of Management]. Cascais, Portugal: Principia.
Google Scholar
Lobel, S. A., Quinn, R. E., St. Clair, L., Warfield, A. (1994). Love without sex: The impact of psychological intimacy between men and women at work. Organizational Dynamics, 23, 5-16.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Lord, R. G., Klimoski, R. J., Kanter, R. (Eds.). (2002). Emotions in the workplace: Understanding the structure and role of emotions in organizational behavior. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Lundin, R. A., Söderholm, A. (1998). Conceptualizing a projectified society: Discussion of an eco-institutional approach to a theory on temporary organisations. In Lundin, R. A., Midler, C. (Eds.), Projects as arenas for renewal and learning processes (pp. 12-23). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Mainiero, L. A. (1993). Dangerous liaisons? A review of the current issues concerning male and female romantic relationships in the workplace. In Fagenson, E. A. (Ed.), Women in management (pp. 162-185). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Mainiero, L. A., Jones, K. J. (2013). Workplace romance 2.0: Developing a communication ethics model to address potential sexual harassment from inappropriate social media contacts between coworkers. Journal of Business Ethics, 114, 367-379.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Mano, R., Gabriel, Y. (2006). Workplace romances in cold and hot organizational climates: The experience of Israel and Taiwan. Human Relations, 59, 7-35.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Martin, J. (2002). Organizational culture: Mapping the terrain. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Martinez, J. (2010, June 3). Debrahlee Lorenzana sues Citigroup, claims bank fired her for being too sexy. NYDailyNews. Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/debrahlee-lorenzana-sues-citigroup-claims-bank-fired-sexy-article-1.178086
Google Scholar
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence: Implications for educators. In Salovey, P., Sluyter, D. (Eds.), Emotional development, emotional literacy, and emotional intelligence (pp. 3-31). New York, NY: Basic Books.
Google Scholar
McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Google Scholar
McHugh, P. (1968). Defining the situation. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
Google Scholar
Mennell, S. (1998). Norbert Elias: An introduction. Dublin, Ireland: University College Dublin Press.
Google Scholar
Mennell, S., Goudsblom, H. (1997). Civilizing processes-myth or reality? Comparative Studies in Society and History, 39, 729-733.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Midler, C. (1995). “Projectification” of the firm: The Renault case. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 11, 363-375.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Miller, P., Rose, N. (2008). Governing the present. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Google Scholar
Minnery, J. (2012). Model industrial settlements and their continuing governance. Planning Perspectives, 27, 309-332.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Monge, P. R., Kirste, K. K. (1980). Measuring proximity in human organizations. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43, 110-115.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Monge, P. R., Rothman, L. W., Eisenberg, E. M., Miller, K. E., Kirste, K. K. (1985). The dynamics of organizational proximity. Management Science, 31, 1129-1141.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Morgan, S. (2010, September 20). The end of the office affair? Bloomberg BusinessWeek, pp. 73-75.
Google Scholar
Morse, L. (2014, January 29). Okay, I’ll say it . . . Jon Snow is not alone in thinking about sex with colleagues: I wager women think about sex just as much as men. The Independent. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/okay-ill-say-itjon-snow-is-not-alone-in-thinking-about-sex-with-colleagues-9092939.html
Google Scholar
Neves, P. (2012). Organizational cynicism: Spillover effects on supervisor-subordinate relationships and performance. Leadership Quarterly, 23, 965-976.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Newton, T. (1998). An historical sociology of emotion? In Bendelow, G., Williams, S. (Eds.), Emotions in social life: Social theories and contemporary issues (pp. 60-80). London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Oldenburg, R., Brissett, D. (1982). The third place. Qualitative Sociology, 5, 265-284.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ouchi, W. G. (1980). Markets, bureaucracies and clans. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25, 129-141.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Pearce, J. A. (2010, April 1). What execs don’t get about office romance. MIT Sloan Management Review, pp. 39-40.
Google Scholar
Peters, T., Waterman, R. H. (1982). In Search Of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. New York: Harper & Row.
Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J. (1994). The costs of legalization: The hidden dangers of increasingly formalized control. In Sitkin, S. B., Bies, R. J. (Eds.), The legalistic organization (pp. 329-346). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Pierce, C. A., Aguinis, H. (2009). Moving beyond a legal-centric approach to managing workplace romances: Organizationally sensible recommendations for HR leaders. Human Resource Management, 48, 447-464.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Pierce, C. A., Aguinis, H., Adams, S. K. (2000). Effects of a dissolved workplace romance and rater characteristics on responses to a sexual harassment accusation. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 869-880.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Pierce, C. A., Byrne, D., Aguinis, H. (1996). Attraction in organizations: A model of workplace romance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 17, 5-32.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Pierce, C. A., Karl, K. A., Brey, E. T. (2012). Role of workplace romance policies and procedures on job pursuit intentions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27, 237-263.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Powell, G. (2001). Workplace romances between senior-level executives and lower-level employees: An issue of work disruption and gender. Human Relations, 54, 1519-1544.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Prakash, O. (2009). The efficacy of “don’t ask, don’t tell.” Joint Force Quarterly, 55(4), 88-94.
Google Scholar
Pratt, M.G. (2000). The good, the bad and the ambivalent: Managing identification among Amway distributors. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 456-493.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Quinn, R. E. (1977). Coping with Cupid: The formation, impact and management of romance relationships in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22, 30-45.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Raine, S. (2007). Flirty fishing in the children of god: The sexual body as a site of proselytization and salvation. Marburg Journal of Religion, 12, 1-18.
Google Scholar
Rajan, R. G., Wulf, J. (2003). The flattening firm: Evidence from panel data on the changing nature of corporate hierarchies (National Bureau of Economic Reserch Working Paper 9633). Retrieved form http://www.nber.org/papers/w9633.
Google Scholar
Rego, A., Cunha, M. P. (2008). Perceptions of authentizotic climates and employee happiness: Pathways to individual performance? Journal of Business Research, 61, 739-752.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Riach, K., Wilson, F. (2007). Don’t screw the crew: Exploring the rules of engagement in organizational romance. British Journal of Management, 18, 79-92.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Robertson, G. (2010). The case of the Pope. London, England: Penguin Books.
Google Scholar
Ross, J., Ferris, K. R. (1981). Interpersonal attraction and organizational outcomes: A field’s examination. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26, 617-632.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Rumens, N. (2012). Queering cross-sex friendships: An analysis of gay and bisexual men’s workplace friendships with heterosexual women. Human Relations, 65, 955-978.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Salvaggio, A. M., Streich, M. (2011). Why do fools fall in love (at work?). Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41, 906-937.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Sandelands, L. E., Worline, M. C. (2011). The social life of organizations [Special issue]. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(17), 134-147.
Google Scholar
Seyfert, R. (2012). Beyond personal feelings and collective emotions: Toward a theory of social affect. Theory, Culture & Society, 29(6), 27-46.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Shenhav, Y. (1999). Manufacturing rationality: The engineering foundations of the managerial revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Sitkin, S. B., Bies, R. J. (1994). The legalization of organizations: A multi-theoretical perspective. In Sitkin, S. B., Bies, R. J. (Eds.), The legalistic organization (pp. 19-49). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Smith, D. (2001). Norbert Elias and modern social theory. London, England: Sage.
Google Scholar
Solomon, C. M. (1998). Guidelines for developing romance policies. Workforce, 77(7), 47.
Google Scholar
Tamboukou, M. (2013). Love, narratives, politics: Encounters between Hannah Arendt and Rosa Luxembourg. Theory, Culture & Society, 30, 35-56.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Taylor, F. (1911). Principles of scientific management. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Google Scholar
Tempest, S. (2007). Liminality. In Clegg, S. R., Bailey, J. R. (Eds.), International encyclopedia of organizational studies (pp. 821-824). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Van Krieken, R. (1998). Norbert Elias: Key sociologist. London, England: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1946a), Politics as a vocation. In Gerth, H., Mills, C. W. (Eds.), Max Weber: Essays in sociology (pp. 32-94). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1946b). Science as a vocation. In Gerth, H., Mills, C. W. (Eds.), From Max Weber: Essays in sociology (pp. 129-156). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Google Scholar
Williams, C. L., Giuffre, P. A., Dellinger, K. (1999). Sexuality in the workplace: Organizational control, sexual harassment, and the pursuit of pleasure. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 73-93.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI

Access content

To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access.
  • Access Options

    My Account

    Welcome
    You do not have access to this content.

    Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

    Click the button below for the full-text content

    请点击以下获取该全文

    Institutional Login

    Purchase Content

    24 hours online access to download content

    Added to Cart

    Cart is full

    There is currently no price available for this item in your region.

    Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. Find out about Lean Library here


Purchase

JMI-article-ppv for GBP29.00
JMI-article-ppv for $37.50
Single Issue 24 hour E-access for GBP264.57
Single Issue 24 hour E-access for $317.00