Abstract
This article explores the geographical mobility of young people in Northern Ireland. Utilizing the results of recent empirical research conducted with a sample of university students drawn from four different academic disciplines, an overview is presented of mobility experiences in terms of where these young people are going, their main reasons for travel and the main characteristics of mobile youth. Indications of future mobility intentions are also explored, revealing that a majority of these young people (55 per cent) have intentions to live outside Northern Ireland at some stage in the future. The various forms of travel and the significance of these mobility experiences are subsequently discussed in more depth through the use of emblematic case studies, highlighting the importance of mobility in both the education-to-work transition and personal development.
|
Ackers, Louise
(2005) ‘
Moving People and Knowledge: Scientific Mobility in the European
Union
’, International Migration 43(5):
99–129
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Adnett, Nick
(2006) ‘
Student Finance and Widening Participation in the British Isles: Common
Problems, Different Solutions
’, Higher Education Quarterly 60(4):
296–311
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Baláž, Vladimir
and
Williams, Allan
(2004) ‘
“Been There Done That”: International Student Migration
and Human Capital Transfers from the UK to Slovakia
’, Population, Place and Space 10:
217–37
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bauman, Zygmunt
(2001) Community: Seeking Safety in an
Insecure World.
Cambridge: Polity
. Google Scholar | |
| BBC (2007) ‘Home Buyers Face
Worst Conditions’, URL (consulted January,
2007):
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6249189.stm Google Scholar | |
|
Beck, Ulrich
,
Giddens, Anthony
and
Lash, Scott
(1994) Reflexive Modernization: Politics,
Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order.
Cambridge: Polity Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Biggart, Andy
and
Cairns, David
(2004) Families and Transitions in Europe:
Comparative Report.
Coleraine: University of Ulster
. Google Scholar | |
|
Brannen, Julia
,
Lewis, Suzan
,
Nilsen, Ann
and
Smithson, Janet
(eds) (2002) Young
Europeans, Work and Family. Futures in Transition.
London: Routledge
. Google Scholar | |
|
Bryson, Peter
(2003) ‘
“Whatever You Say…Say Nothing”. Youth for
Youth, Reflections on a 2-Year Youth Participation Project
’, Child Care in Practice 9(3):
217–27
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cairns, David
(2000) ‘
The Object of Sectarianism: the Material Reality of Sectarianism in Ulster
Loyalism
’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6(3):
437–52
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cairns, David
(2001) ‘
Moving the Immovable: Discursive Challenge and Discursive Change in Ulster
Loyalism
’, European Journal of Cultural Studies 4(1):
85–104
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Cairns, David
and
Menz, Simone
(2007) ‘Youth on the
Move? Exploring Youth Migrations in Eastern Germany and Northern
Ireland’ in
Thomas Geisen
(ed.) Youth and Migration, pp.
325–40.
Frankfurt: VS-Verlag
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Callender, Claire
and
Jackson, Jonathan
(2005) ‘
Does the Fear of Debt Deter Students from Higher Education?
’, Journal of Social Policy 34(4):
509–40
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cassidy, Clare
and
Trew, Karen
(2004) ‘
Identity Change in Northern Ireland: A Longitudinal Study of
Students' Transitions to University
’, Journal of Social Issues 60(3):
523–40
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Castles, Stephen
and
Davidson, Alastair
(2000) Citizenship and Migration:
Globalisation and the Politics of Belonging.
Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan
. Google Scholar | |
| Central Statistics Office (2004) Population
and Labour Force Projections (Ireland)
2006–2036.
Dublin: Stationery Office
. Google Scholar | |
|
Cormack, Robert
,
Gallagher, Anthony
and
Osborne, Robert
(1997) ‘
Higher Education Participation in Northern Ireland
’, Higher Education Quarterly 51(1):
68–85
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cox, Pat
(2007) ‘Young People,
Migration and Metanarratives: Arguments for a Critical Theoretical
Approach’ in
Thomas Geisen
(ed.) Youth and Migration, pp.
51–66.
Frankfurt: VS-Verlag
. Google Scholar | |
| European Commission (2001) A New Impetus for
European Youth.
Brussels: European Commission
. Google Scholar | |
|
Furlong, Andy
and
Cartmel, Fred
(2007) Young People and Social Change
(Second Edition).
Maidenhead: Open University Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Gallagher, Tony
(2004) ‘
After the War Comes Peace? An Examination of the Impact of the
Northern Ireland Conflict on Young People
’, Journal of Social Issues 60(3):
629–42
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Geisen, Thomas
,
Hickey, Anthony Andrew
and
Karcher, Allen
(eds) (2004) Migration,
Mobility and Borders. Issues of Theory and Policy.
Frankfurt: IKO
. Google Scholar | |
|
Giddens, Anthony
(1991) Modernity and Self-Identity: Self
and Society in the Late Modern Age.
Cambridge: Polity Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Hacking, Ian
(1999) The Social Construction of
What? Cambridge: Harvard University Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Hewitt-Dundas, Nola
,
Andresosso-O' Callaghan, Bernadette
,
Crone, Mike
,
Murray, John
and
Roper, Stephen
(2005) ‘
Selling Global, Buying Local? What Determines the Sourcing
Patterns of Multinational Plants in Ireland
’, Regional Studies 39(2):
225–39
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Holdsworth, Clare
(2005) ‘
“When are the Children going to Leave Home!” Family
Culture and Delayed Transitions in Spain
’, European Societies 7(5):
547–66
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Holdsworth, Clare
(2006) ‘
“Don't You Think You're Missing Out, Living at
Home?” Student Experiences and Residential
Transitions
’, The Sociological Review 54(3):
495–519
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Jamieson, Lynn
(2000) ‘
Migration, Place and Class: Youth in a Rural Area
’, Sociological Review 48(2):
203–23
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Jarman, Neil
and
O' Halloran, Chris
(2001) ‘
Recreational Rioting: Young People, Interface Areas and Violence
’, Child Care in Practice 7(1):
45–58
. Google Scholar | |
|
Jones, Gill
(1995) Leaving Home.
Buckingham: Open University Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Jones, Gill
(1999) ‘
“The Same People in the Same Places?”
Socio-Spatial Identities and Migration in Youth
’, Sociology 33(1):
1–22
. Google Scholar | |
|
Jones, Gill
(2000) ‘Trail-blazers and
Path-followers: Social Reproduction and Geographical Mobility in
Youth’, in
Sarah Arber
and
Claudine Attias-Donfut
(eds) The Myth of Generational Conflict: Family and
State in Ageing Societies, pp. 154–73.
London: Routledge
. Google Scholar | |
|
King, Russell
and
Shuttleworth, Ian
(1995) ‘
The Emigration and Employment of Irish Graduates. The Export of
High-Quality Labour From the Periphery of Europe
’, European Urban and Regional Studies 2(1):
21–40
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
King, Russell
, and
Ruiz Gelices, Enric
(2003) ‘
International Student Migration and the European Year Abroad: Effects on
European Identity and Subsequent Migration Behaviour
’, International Journal of Population Geography 9(3):
229–52
. Google Scholar | |
|
Leccardi, Carmen
(2005) ‘
Facing Uncertainty. Temporality and Biographies in the New Century
’, Young 13(2):
123–46
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Leonard, Madeleine
(2005) ‘
Children, Childhood and Social Capital: Exploring the Links
’, Sociology 39(4):
605–22
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Leonard, Madeleine
(2006) ‘
Teenagers Telling Sectarian Stories
’, Sociology 40(6):
1117–33
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
MacDonald, Robert
,
Shildrick, Tracy
,
Webster, Colin
and
Simpson, Donald
(2005) ‘
Growing Up in Poor Neighbourhoods: The Significance of Class and Place in
the Extended Transitions of “Socially Excluded” Young
Adults
’, Sociology 39(5):
873–91
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Mac Laughlin, Jim
(1997) ‘Social Characteristics
of “New Wave” Irish Emigration’ in
Jim Mac Laughlin
(ed.) Location and Dislocation in Contemporary Irish
Society. Emigration and Irish Identities, pp.
123–48.
Cork: Cork University Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
McAuley, James W.
(2004) ‘
Peace and Progress? Political and Social Change Among Young
Loyalists in Northern Ireland
’, Journal of Social Issues 60(3):
541–62
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Morano-Foadi, Sonia
(2005) ‘
Scientific Mobility, Career Progression, and Excellence in the European
Research Area
’, International Migration 43(5):
134–60
. Google Scholar | |
|
Muldoon, Orla T.
(2004) ‘
Children of the Troubles: The Impact of Political Violence in Northern
Ireland
’, Journal of Social Issues 60(3):
453–68
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Nagelkerke, Nico. J.D.
(1991) ‘
A Note on a General Definition of the Coefficient of Determination
’, Biometrika 78(3):
691–92
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Osborne, Robert D.
(2006) ‘
Access to and Participation in Higher Education in Northern Ireland
’, Higher Education Quarterly 60(4):
333–48
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Osborne, Robert D.
,
Smith, Alayne
and
Hayes, Amanda
(2006) Higher Education in Northern
Ireland: A Report on Factors Associated with Participation and Migration.
Belfast: Office of the First and Deputy First
Ministers
. Google Scholar | |
|
Otero, Manuel Souto
and
McCoshan, Andrew
(2006) Survey of the Socio-Economic
Background of Erasmus Students: Final Report.
Birmingham: Ecotec
. Google Scholar | |
|
Pries, Ludgar
(2003) ‘Gespaltene Migration
— gespaltene Gesellschaft? Migranten-Inkorporation in Zeiten
der Transnationalisierung’, (‘Split
Migration — split Society? Migration-Incorporation in Times of
Transnationalisation’) in
Wolfgang Schröer
and
Stephan Sting
(eds) Gespaltene Migration (Split
Migration), pp. 111–26.
Opladen: Leske and Budrich
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Purcell, Kate
,
Elias, Peter
,
Davies, Rhys
and
Wilton, Nick
(2005) Northern Ireland's
Graduates: The Classes of '95 and '99.
Belfast: Department of Education and
Learning
. Google Scholar | |
|
Queiräs, João
(2008) ‘Recent Economic
Performance and Changing Configurations of Workforce Mobility in Northwest
Portugal: Social Consequences of Unemployment and the Rise of Youth
Emigration’ in
David Cairns
(ed.) Youth on the Move: European Youth and
Geographical Mobility, pp. 110–23.
Frankfurt: IKO-Verlag
. Google Scholar | |
|
Reilly, Jacqueline
,
Muldoon, Orla T.
and
Byrne, Clare
(2004) ‘
Young Men as Victims and Perpetrators of Violence in Northern Ireland: A
Qualitative Analysis
’, Journal of Social Issues 60(3):
469–84
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
| RICS (Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors)
(2007) European Housing Review 2007.
London: RICS
. Google Scholar | |
|
Schoon, Ingrid
,
Bynner, John
,
Joshi, Heather
,
Parsons, Samantha
,
Wiggins, Richard D.
and
Sacker, Amanda D.
(2002) ‘
The Influence of Context, Timing, and Duration of Risk Experiences from the
Passage from Childhood to Midadulthood
’, Child Development 73(5):
1486–504
. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Schröer, Wolfgang
and
Sting, Stephan
(2003) ‘Gespaltene
Migration’ (‘Split
Migration’), in
Wolfgang Schröer
and
Stephan Sting
(eds) Gespaltene Migration (Split
Migration), pp. 9–28.
Opladen: Leske and Budrich
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Schwartz, Seth J.
,
Côté, James E.
and
Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen
(2005) ‘
Identity and Agency in Emerging Adulthood: Two Developmental Routes in the
Individualization Process
’, Youth and Society 37(2):
201–29
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Shuttleworth, Ian
(1997) ‘Graduate Emigrants. A
‘New Wave’ in Irish
Emigration?’ in
Jim Mac Laughlin
(ed.) Location and Dislocation in Contemporary Irish
Society. Emigration and Irish Identities, pp.
304–22.
Cork: Cork University Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Sinclair, R.
,
Mccole, Patrick
and
Kelly, Berni
(2004) ‘
The Views of Young People in Northern Ireland on Post-Sectarianism
’, Childcare in Practice 10(2):
155–66
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Skeldon, Ronald
(1997) Migration and Development: A Global
Perspective.
London: Longman
. Google Scholar | |
|
Smyth, Jim
and
Cebulla, Andreas
(2008) ‘The Glacier
Moves? Economic Change and Class Structure in Northern
Ireland’, in
Colin Coulter
and
Michael Murray
(eds) Northern Ireland after the Troubles: A Society
in Transition, pp. 115–41.
Manchester: Manchester University
Press
. Google Scholar | |
|
Stalker, Peter
(2002) ‘
Migration Trends and Migration Policy in Europe
’, International Migration 40(5):
151–79
. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Stauber, Barbara
(2007) ‘
Motivation in Transition
’, Young 15(1):
31–47
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Thomson, Rachel
and
Taylor, Rebecca
(2005) ‘
Between Cosmopolitanism and the Locals: Mobility as a Resource in the
Transition to Adulthood
’, Young 13(4):
327–42
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Vieira, Maria Manuel
(2008) ‘Mobility as a
Competency? Elite Education and the Erasmus
Program’, in
David Cairns
(ed.) Youth on the Move: European Youth and
Geographical Mobility, pp. 124–36.
Frankfurt: IKO-Verlag
. Google Scholar | |
|
Vinken, Henk
(2007) ‘
New Life Course Dynamics? Career Orientations, Work Values and
Future Perceptions of Dutch Youth
’, Young 15(1):
9–30
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Wallace, Claire
, and
Kovatcheva, Siyka
(1998) Youth in Society: The Construction
and Deconstruction of Youth in East and West Europe.
London: Macmillan
. Google Scholar | |
|
Walther, Andreas
(2006) ‘
Regimes of Youth Transitions. Choice, Flexibility and Security in Young
People's Experiences Across Different European Contexts
’, Young 14(2):
119–39
. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals |

