The authors describe key challenges facing the clinical trials community and propose solutions to these issues, including the role the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative can play in addressing these issues. Specifically, the authors reflect on clinical trial globalization and the harmonization of frameworks and requirements across regions; the challenges associated with balancing the desire for external validity, pragmatic trials, and precision medicine; clinical trial transparency; and operational complexity and the expense of clinical trials. By addressing these challenges, future clinical trials will be more feasible, relevant, and credible, and support both the continuing altruistic contributions of patients and the collection of more meaningful data.

1. Marshall, G, Blacklock, J, Cameron, C. Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a medical research council investigation. Br Med J 1948; 2: 769782.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
2. Berry, DA . The brave new world of clinical cancer research: adaptive biomarker-driven trials integrating clinical practice with clinical research. Mol Oncol 2015; 9: 951959.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
3. Berry, SM, Connor, JT, Lewis, RJ. The platform trial: an efficient strategy for evaluating multiple treatments. JAMA 2015; 313: 16191620.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
4. Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative . Developing novel endpoints generated by mobile technology for use in clinical trials, http://www.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/projects/novel-endpoints (accessed 10 July 2017).
Google Scholar
5. International Council for Harmonisation . Technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use, http://www.ich.org/home.html (accessed 16 July 2017).
Google Scholar
6. Penkov, D, Tomasi, P, Eichler, I. Pediatric medicine development: an overview and comparison of regulatory processes in the European Union and United States. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2017; 51: 360371.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
7. European Medicines Agency . EMA and FDA encourage use of innovative approaches in the development of medicines for Gaucher disease, http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2017/07/news_detail_002770.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1 (accessed 16 July 2017).
Google Scholar
8. European Medicines Agency . Regulators in EU, Japan and US take steps to facilitate development of new antibiotics, http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2017/06/news_detail_002763.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1 (accessed 16 July 2017).
Google Scholar
9. European Medicines Agency . Workshop: addressing unmet needs of children with pulmonary arterial hypertension, http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2017/06/news_detail_002760.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1 (accessed 12 October 2017).
Google Scholar
10. Viele, K, Berry, S, Neuenschwander, B. Use of historical control data for assessing treatment effects in clinical trials. Pharm Stat 2014; 13: 4154.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
11. European Medicines Agency . Reflection paper on the use of extrapolation in the development of medicines for paediatrics, http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2017/10/WC500236640.pdf (accessed 11 October 2017).
Google Scholar
12. International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use . Addendum to ICH E11: clinical investigation of medicinal products in the paediatric population, http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Efficacy/E11/ICH_E11_R1_Step_2_25Aug2016_Final.pdf (2016, accessed 11 October 2017).
Google Scholar
13. Eichler, HG, Abadie, E, Breckenridge, A. Bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap: a regulator’s perspective on addressing variability of drug response. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011; 10: 495506.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
14. Thorpe, KE, Zwarenstein, M, Oxman, AD. A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62: 464475.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
15. Selker, HP, Oye, KA, Eichler, HG. A proposal for integrated efficacy-to-effectiveness (E2E) clinical trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 95: 147153.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
16. Maloney, A . A new paradigm. “Learn—learn more”; dose-exposure-response at the center of drug development and regulatory approval. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102: 942950.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
17. Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative . CTTI recommendations: registry trials, http://www.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/files/recommendations/registrytrials-recs.pdf (accessed 18 July 2017).
Google Scholar
18. Innovative Medicines Initiative . Get real: new methods for real world evidence collection and synthesis, http://www.imi-getreal.eu (accessed 16 July 2017).
Google Scholar
19. Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative, http://www.ctti-clinicaltrials.org (accessed 18 July 2017).
Google Scholar
20. Sekeres, M . Contract research agonizations. Editor’s corner, perspectives. ASH Clinical News, 2017, https://www.ashclinicalnews.org/perspectives/editors-corner/contract-research-agonizations/ (accessed 21 December 2017).
Google Scholar
21. LeGouill, S . Advocating for a return to common sense in clinical research. Editor’s corner, perspectives, from our readers. ASH Clinical News, 2017, https://www.ashclinicalnews.org/perspectives/advocating-return-common-sense-clinical-research/ (accessed 21 December 2017).
Google Scholar
22. Landray, MJ, Bax, JJ, Alliot, L. Improving public health by improving clinical trial guidelines and their application. Eur Heart J 2017; 38: 16321637.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
23. International Council for Harmonisation . ICH reflection on “GCP renovation”: modernization of ICH E8 and subsequent renovation of ICH E6, 2017, http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/GCP_Renovation/ICH_Reflection_paper_GCP_Renovation_Jan_2017_Final.pdf (accessed 10 October 2017).
Google Scholar
24. Bertagnoll, MM, Khozin, S, Murphy, MJ. Data-sharing models. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 23052306.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
25. Eichler, HG, Bloechl-Daum, B, Bauer, P. “Threshold-crossing”: a useful way to establish the counterfactual in clinical trials? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100: 699712.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
26. Burns, NS, Miller, PW. Learning what we didn’t know: the SPRINT data analysis challenge. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 22052207.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

CTJ-article-ppv for $40.00

Article available in: