![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
This mixed-methods study describes the norms supporting male-to-female and female-to-male dating violence in a diverse sample of ninth graders. The quantitative study, based on student surveys (n = 624), compared norms supporting dating violence by sex, race/ethnicity, and dating status, and it examined the relation between dating violence norms and physical aggression and victimization. The qualitative study, based on 12 focus groups, explored participants’ views of dating aggression. Findings revealed more support for female-to-male aggression, greater acceptance of norms supporting dating violence by non-White students, a strong association between norms and physical aggression but only in males, and a high correlation between victimization and perpetration. Participants rejected male-to-female dating aggression because of peer pressure not to hit girls, parents’ beliefs that denounce dating violence, the superior physical advantage of boys over girls, and legal consequences. Results highlight the importance of culturally sensitive and gender-specific interventions.
Keywords dating violence, dating norms, adolescents, mixed methods
References
|
Arriaga, X. B., Foshee, V. A. (2004). Adolescent dating violence: Do adolescents follow in their friends’, or their parents’, footsteps? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 162-184. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Carver, K., Joyner, K., Udry, J. R. (2003). National estimates of adolescent romantic relationships. In Florsheim, P. (Ed.), Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behavior: Theory, research, and practical implications (pp. 23-56). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Google Scholar | |
|
Chase, K. A., Treboux, D., O’Leary, K. D. (2002). Characteristics of high-risk adolescents’ dating violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(1), 33-49. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Connolly, J., Craig, W., Goldberg, A., Pepler, D. (2004). Mixed-gender groups, dating, and romantic relationships in early adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14, 185-207. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act: A theoretical contribution to sociological methods. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar | |
|
Fineran, S., Bolen, R. M. (2006). Risk factors for peer sexual harassment in schools. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 1169-1190. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Foshee, V. A. (1996). Gender differences in adolescent dating abuse prevalence, types and injuries. Health Education Research, 11, 275-286. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., Ennett, S. T., Suchindran, C., Benefield, T., Linder, G. F. (2005). Assessing the effects of the dating violence prevention program “Safe dates” using random coefficient regression modeling. Prevention Science, 6, 245-258. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., Linder, F., Rice, J., Wilcher, R. (2007). Typologies of adolescent dating violence: Identifying typologies of adolescent dating violence perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 498-519. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Foshee, V. A., Linder, G. F., Bauman, K. E., Langwick, S. A., Arriaga, X. B., Heath, J. L., . . . Bangdiwala, S. (1996). The Safe Dates Project: Theoretical basis, evaluation design, and selected baseline findings. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 12(Suppl. 5), 39-47. Google Scholar | Medline | ISI | |
|
Furman, W. (2002). The emerging field of adolescent romantic relationships. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 177-180. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine. Google Scholar | |
|
Hechter, M., Opp, K.-D. (Eds.). (2001). Social norms. New York, NY: Russell SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Henry, D. B., Farrell, A. D., & Multisite Violence Prevention Project . (2004). The study designed by a committee: Design of the Multisite Violence Prevention Project. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 12-19. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Holt, M. K., Espelage, D. L. (2005). Social support as a moderator between dating violence victimization and depression/anxiety among African American and Caucasian adolescents. School Psychology Review, 34, 309-328. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Howard, D. E., Wang, M. Q. (2003). Risk profiles of adolescent girls who were victims of dating violence. Adolescence, 38(149), 1-14. Google Scholar | Medline | |
|
Jackson, C., Henriksen, L. (1997). Do as I say: Parent smoking, antismoking socialization, and smoking onset among children. Addictive Behaviors, 22(1), 107-114. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Jouriles, E. N., McDonald, R., Garrido, E., Rosenfield, D., Brown, A. S. (2005). Assessing aggression in adolescent romantic relationships: Can we do it better? Psychological Assessment, 17, 469-475. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lapinski, M. K., Rimal, R. N. (2005). An explication of social norms. Communication Theory, 15(2), 127-147. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lehrer, J. A., Buka, S., Gortmaker, S., Shrier, L. A. (2006). Depressive symptomatology as a predictor of exposure to intimate partner violence among U.S. female adolescents and young adults. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 270-276. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Lewis, S. F., Fremouw, W. (2001). Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 105-127. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Magdol, L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Silva, P. A. (1998). Developmental antecedents of partner abuse: A prospective-longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 375-389. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Molidor, C., Tolman, R. M. (1998). Gender and contextual factors in adolescent dating violence. Violence Against Women, 4, 180-194. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Mulford, C., Giordano, P. C. (2008). Teen dating violence: A closer look at adolescent romantic relationships. National Institute of Justice Journal, 261, 34-40. Google Scholar | |
|
Multisite Violence Prevention Project . (2004). The Multisite Violence Prevention Project: Background and overview. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 3-11. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Multisite Violence Prevention Project . (2009). The ecological effects of universal and selective violence prevention programs for middle school students: A randomized trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 526-542. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
O’Keefe, M. (1997). Predictors of dating violence among high school students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, 546-569. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
O’Leary, K. D., Slep, A. M. S. (2003). A dyadic longitudinal model of adolescent dating aggression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 314-327. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Price, E. L., Byers, E. S., & Dating Violence Research Team . (1999). The attitudes towards dating violence scales: Development and initial validation. Journal of Family Violence, 14, 351-375. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sears, H. A., Byers, E. S., Price, E. L. (2007). The co-occurrence of adolescent boys’ and girls’ use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 487-504. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Sears, H. A., Byers, E. S., Whelan, J. J., Saint-Pierre, M. (2006). “If it hurts you, then it is not a joke”: Adolescents’ ideas about girls and boys’ use and experience of abusive behavior in dating relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 1191-1207. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Simon, T. R., Miller, S., Gorman-Smith, D., Orpinas, P., Sullivan, T. (2010). Physical dating violence norms and behaviors among sixth-grade students from four U.S. sites. Journal of Early Adolescence, 30, 395-409. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Straus, M. A. (2009). Why the overwhelming evidence on partner physical violence by women has not been perceived and is often denied. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 18, 552-571. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Swahn, M. H., Simon, T. R., Arias, I., Bossarte, R. M. (2008). Measuring sex differences in violence victimization and perpetration within date and same-sex peer relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23, 1120-1138. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Swahn, M. H., Simon, T. R., Hertz, M. F., Arias, I., Bossarte, R. N., Ross, J. G., . . . Hamburger, M. E. (2008). Linking dating violence, peer violence, and suicidal behaviors among high-risk youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34(1), 30-38. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Tjaden, P., Thoennes, N. (2000). Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence Against Women, 6, 142-161. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Williamson, G. M., Silverman, J. G. (2001). Violence against female partners: Direct and interactive effects of family history, communal orientation, and peer-related variables. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 535-549. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Wingood, G. M., DiClemente, R. J., McCree, D. H., Harrington, K., Davies, S. L. (2001). Dating violence and the sexual health of black adolescent females. Pediatrics, 107(5), E72. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
Bios
Patricia M. Reeves, PhD, MSW, associate professor, is a coprincipal investigator for Healthy Teens, a longitudinal, mixed-methods, CDC-funded research project on social competence development in adolescence. Her research and teaching focus on psychosocial issues in adolescence and young adulthood, and on qualitative research methods. For 20+ years she has worked in numerous capacities with Georgia schools to promote academic success for all students.
Pamela Orpinas, PhD, MPH, is the principal investigator of the Healthy Teens study. She is a professor in the Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, at The University of Georgia. Her research focuses on the prevention of violence and other high-risk behaviors.
